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PL
Obchodzimy 30 rocznicę opublikowania Raportu Brundtland, 25 rocznicę Szczytu Ziemi w Rio, 15 rocznicę Szczytu Ziemi w Johannesburgu, 5 rocznicę Szczytu Ziemi w Rio. Zapewne za następne 10, 30 i 50 lat będziemy obchodzić kolejne rocznice związane z ekorozwojem, przy czym znamienną refleksją jest ta: że mimo upływającego czasu nie zmniejszyła się cywilizacyjna presja na środowisko naturalne, biosferę człowieka. Istotnym jest zarówno przyjęcie nowego modelu ekonomicznego, jak i jego wdrożenie w życie w skali makro. Szczęście narodowe brutto, ekonomia buddyjska, życie ukierunkowane na „być, a nie mieć” to rozwiązania znane i funkcjonujące od wielu lat. Celem eseju jest podjęcie zagadnienia możliwości zastąpienia modelu ekonomicznego funkcjonującego na świecie, także w kontekście przekształcenia poczucia świadomości w świadome działania.
EN
As we celebrate the 30th anniversary of the publication of the Brundtland Report, the 25th anniversary of the Earth Summit in Rio, the 15th anniversary of the Earth Summit in Johannesburg, 5th anniversary of the Earth Summit in Rio. There is no doubt that within next 10, 30 and 50 years, we will celebrate another anniversary associated with eco-development. However it is quite significant that despite the passage of time civilization pressures on the environment and human biosphere has not diminished. It is essential to adopt and enact a new economic model on the macro scale. Gross national happiness, Buddhist economics, life-oriented on "to be and not to have" is a solution known and functioning for many years. The aim of the essay is to rise the issues about the possibility of replacing the economic model existing in the world regarding transformation of a sense of awareness into conscious actions.
EN
Deciphering the factors that regulate human neural stem cells will greatly aid in their use as models of development and as therapeutic agents. The complex interactions of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins probably contribute to proper central nervous system development mediating processes which regulate proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/rogenitor cells. Many of these interactions involve transmembrane integrin receptors. Integrins cluster in specific cell­matrix adhesions to provide dynamic links between extracellular and intracellular environments by activation of numerous signal transduction pathways which may influence cell behaviour profoundly by influence on both gene expression and post- transcriptional signalling cascade. In this review we introduced and discussed a number of extracellular and intracellular factors engaged in the transduction of signals induced by cell adhesion to its environment, including matrix components, extracellular proteolytic enzymes, integrins and non-receptor tyrosine kinases.
EN
Birth asphyxia remains a frequent cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. During perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury neuronal cells are damaged and lose their function or die. Recently, it has become clear that ischemic brain injury stimulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in cerebral neurogenic areas – subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus frequently injured after the perinatal HI. There is a tremendous speculation, that the induction of these progenitors after injury may represent an endogenous mechanism for brain regeneration. To study the response of hippocampal progenitors to neonatal HI brain damage, we utilized an established model of HI induced in rats of postnatal day 7 (PND7). The left common carotid artery was ligated and then after 60 min of recovery, the animals were exposed to hypoxia (7.4% oxygen for 75 min). The hypoxic undamaged hemisphere served as control for developmental modification. In addition, age-matched sham-operated rats were also used as controls. At 4, 10, 14, and 21 days following hypoxia, pups were perfused transcardially with PBS followed by 4% PFA. To determine the proliferation profile animals were injected with BrdU (50 mg/ kg) at various days after HI and immunopositive cells were analyzed the next day. At 4 - 14 days after HI the presence of BrdUpositive cells was seen in both, ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres, with the greatest number of dividing cells in the ischemic side. Thereafter, cell proliferation appeared to be reduced. The labeling pattern revealed structure-dependent differences. At 4 days after the insult the highest density of cells incorporating BrdU was seen in hilus, whereas at longer survival time the majority of labeled cells were located in the DG. To confirm that the BrdU-positive cells represent dividing progenitors we used double staining: BrdU/Ki67, BrdU/PSA-NCAM and immature neuronal marker - DCX.
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