Leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium contributes to many immunological and inflammatory disorders. These processes have been shown to be mediated by bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2R) and dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R). In a previous study, we reported the formation of a B2R-D2R heterodimer, possibly altering cellular functions. Hence, in the present study, we examined the effect of co-activation of endothelial cells with B2R and D2R agonists on the interaction of these cells with neutrophils. Bradykinin, the main B2R agonist, significantly increased cell adhesion, and this effect was reversed when the endothelial cells were additionally co-treated with a selective D2R agonist, sumanirole. These results were dependent on the incubation time, showing an opposite tendency after prolonged stimulation. Significant changes in the expression of adhesion proteins, such as E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in endothelial cells were observed. Additionally, the cells preincubated with tumor necrosis factor-α showed decreased cell adhesion and IL-8 release after long incubation with both agonists. The modulation of cell adhesion by D2R and B2R seem to be mediated via STAT3 phosphorylation. In summary, this study demonstrated a protective role of D2R in neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion induced by bradykinin, especially in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells.
Numerous adverse effects limit the applicability of mitoxantrone for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors, including carcinosarcoma. Here, we estimated the additive effects of mitoxantrone and curcumin, a plant-derived biomolecule isolated from Curcuma longa, on the neoplastic and invasive potential of carcinosarcoma cells in vitro. Curcumin augmented the cytostatic, cytotoxic and anti-invasive effects of mitoxantrone on the Walker-256 cells. It also strengthened the inhibitory effects of mitoxantrone on the motility of drug-resistant Walker-256 cells that had retained viability after a long-term mitoxantrone/curcumin treatment. Thus, curcumin reduces the effective doses of mitoxantrone and augments its interference with the invasive potential of drug-resistant carcinosarcoma cells.
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