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PL
Szczególne zaangażowanie autorki w obronę walorów i wartości przestrzeni Krakowa nie jest przypadkowe. Wywodzi się ono z podziwu panoram i architektury rodzinnego miasta – Nowego Sącza, oglądanego od dzieciństwa, na tle bogatej przyrody Kotliny Sądeckiej. Ta fascynacja zadecydowała o wyborze kierunku studiów, a w całym życiu zawodowym i naukowym oglądane „na co dzień”, unikatowe piękno przestrzeni Krakowa zbudowało zaangażowanie w rozwiązywanie problemów miasta oraz imperatyw ochrony jego wartości. Można tu zwłaszcza wymienić osobiste uczestnictwo zawodowe i społeczne zaangażowanie w studia nad otoczeniem Wisły w obszarze Krakowa, obronę przed degradacją i zniszczeniem zabytkowego Podgórza, południowego przedpola Sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia w Łagiewnikach, otoczenia zalewu na Zakrzówku i wiele innych. Odwagę do tych działań dawało przekonanie, że warto podejmować wiele wyzwań i wysiłków wbrew lansowanym poglądom i interesom, dla obrony ponadczasowego piękna Krakowa.
EN
The Author’s particular commitment to defending the assets and values of the space of Cracow is by no means accidental. It derives from her admiration for the panoramas and architecture of her home town – Nowy Sącz, observed since her childhood, against the background of the abundant nature of the Nowy Sącz Basin. This fascination was decisive for the choice of the field of study, and over the Author’s entire professional and scientific career the unique beauty of the space of Cracow seen on the everyday basis built her commitment to solving problems faced by the city and gave rise to the imperative of the protection of its values. Elements that can be particularly emphasised in this respect are the Author’s personal professional and social engagement in studies devoted to the surroundings of the Vistula river within the perimeter of Cracow, the protection of the historical district of Podgórze, of the southern forefield of the Divine Mercy Sanctuary in Łagiewniki, of the area of Zakrzówek Lake, and many other locations against degradation and destruction. The courage to undertake these actions stemmed from the belief that it is worth taking challenges and making efforts, against promoted views and interests, in order to protect the timeless beauty of Cracow.
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PL
Planowanie przestrzenne i urbanistyka kierują się zasadą optymalnego przeznaczenia terenów, zgodnie z istotą ich wartości. Równocześnie powinny uwzględniać kompleksowo wszystkie cele przebudowy obszarów pod kątem potrzeb człowieka. Obecnie składane wnioski o dofinansowanie z UE najczęściej dotyczą realizacji pojedynczej inwestycji, np.: budowy drogi, odcinka kanalizacji albo pojedynczego obiektu kubaturowego. Te inwestycje są zazwyczaj podporządkowane jednemu celowi: funkcjonalnemu albo ekonomicznemu, bez rozpatrywania szerokich uwarunkowań przestrzennych. Nadzieją na zmianę takiego podejścia do inwestycji realizowanych z udziałem funduszy unijnych są wymagania dotyczące programów rewitalizacji zagospodarowanych terenów miejskich, poprzemysłowych i powojskowych. Warunkiem uzyskania dofinansowania na te programy jest przygotowanie kompleksowych działań, które mają dawać efekty ekonomiczne, społeczne, ekologiczne i przestrzenne.Takie wymagania skłaniają do korzystania w przygotowaniu i wdrażaniu wniosków realizowanych z udziałem środków unijnych z doświadczeń i instrumentów planowania przestrzennego i urbanistyki.
EN
Spatial planning and urban planning go by the rule of optimal purpose of the land according to its value. At the same time they should concern comprehensively all the aims of the areas' transformations with regard to people's needs. At present the applications for EU subsidies mostly concern realization of particular investment, eg. construction of road, section of sewage system or single cubature facility. Those usually serve one - functional or economic - purpose without concerning wide spatial conditioning. In requirements concerning programmes of revitalization of developed urban, post-industrial and post-military areas there is hope for a change in such approach to investments realized with the use of EU funds. The condition for obtaining subsidies for the programmes is preparation of comprehensive actions giving economic, social and spatial results.These requirements determine the use of experience and instruments of spatial planning and urban studies in preparation and implementation of applications realized with EU subsidies.
PL
Zmodyfikowana polityka regionalna państwa ma na celu wspieranie rozwoju zidentyfikowanych obszarów, które niewystarczająco wykorzystują swoje możliwości. Są to dwa rodzaje obszarów. W jednych występują określone trudności i bariery rozwojowe, drugie posiadają walory i potencjalne możliwości do przyspieszenia ich aktywizacji i rozwoju. W wielu regionach kraju, a zwłaszcza w południowej Polsce, te dwa rodzaje obszarów o odmiennych cechach przenikają się wzajemnie lub ze sobą sąsiadują. W związku z tym usuwanie barier rozwojowych i przyspieszona aktywizacja spowoduje narastanie konfliktów przestrzennych i zagrożenie konkurencyjnych wartości. Z tego względu interdyscyplinarne studia i opracowania planistyczne wykonane w różnych skalach powinny dostarczać szerokiej i szczegółowej wiedzy o stanie i procesach przemian przestrzennych. Ta wiedza o randze walorów oraz o skali ich zagrożeń powinna stanowić podstawę delimitacji obszarów i terenów strategicznego wsparcia dla aktywizacji ekonomiczno-społecznej oraz podstawę wyodrębnienia obszarów chronionych o unikatowych wartościach wyłączonych z aktywizacji. W obszarze Małopolski te zadania są trudne ze względu na nagromadzenie różnorodnych wartości i potencjałów rozwojowych. Ich wykorzystanie bez wyraźnej koordynacji może spowodować nadmierne użytkowanie i przeinwestowanie, które zniszczy niepowtarzalne cechy i walory tego obszaru.
EN
Modified national Regional Policy aims to support the development of identified areas which do not profit sufficiently from their potential. These areas can be divided into two groups. In the first group, there are particular difficulties and development barriers. In the second group, there are areas which possess a variety of qualities and potential possibilities to increase the pace of their activation and development. In many national regions, particularly in the south of Poland, these two different area groups interpenetrate or are next to each other. As a result, the removal of development barriers and increased activation will lead to the accumulation of spatial conflicts and additionally, they will menace existent competitive qualities. Interdisciplinary studies and planning-based studies carried out in various scales should provide extensive and detailed information about the state and processes of spatial transformations. The awareness of the significance of qualities and the degree of their danger should serve as a basis for the delimitation of areas of strategic support for the socio-economic activation and as a basis for separating protected areas with unique features excluded from the activation process. In Małopolska region, it is difficult to carry out these tasks due to the accumulation of various qualities and development potentials. Making use of the region.s qualities without any coordination may result in overuse and overinvestment which can contribute to the destruction of exceptional qualities of the area.
EN
Structural policy of UE aims at achieving economic and social coherence in member countries through financial assistance in execution of particular projects including separate realization tasks. The expected effect of improving the quality of Polish space depends on choice and co-ordination of particular destination projects, therefore their evaluation should be based on criteria of expected spatial results. Elaboration of a method and principles in economic and social transformation with employment of coherent spatial planning system is at present an essential task as preserving the identity and achieving satisfactory status in EU depend on this.
EN
The period of 12 years of political, social-economic and spatial transformations in Poland allows performing the global diagnosis of occurring phenomenons, bringing their conditions and results out and also outlining desired trends of that improvements of polish townscape. The most important reasons of unfavourable aspects of undergoing transformations consist of: - set of problems in material and moral sphere, inherited after 50 years of broken continuity of development and democratic rule; - specification of accelerated transformation that is characterized by changeability and incoherency of ideas and law regulations in many domains, ease of their interpretation, proceeding and behaviour. Besides of many unquestionable achievements in country rebuilding processes, new social-economic conditions and liberation of spatial management principles created new problems and threats for rational rebuilding of space in Poland, balancing of development and spatial order. Accumulation of inherited and new problems concerns many elements of urban structure, especially - historic areas and individual elements of culture heritage: - ruined industry areas, - broad areas of block of flats buildings, - areas of designed and natural greenery. Spontaneous population and economic strong investors activity accelerated the expansion of urbanised areas, multiplied the chaos in functionality and city spaces as well as their surrounding and country areas that resulted in threatening the most value regions. Inhibition of these processes require understanding by whole society and government the essence of the Country space value, its importance for retaining of national identity, ecological renovation and lasting economic growth. According to experiences of many European countries, the very important part in this process has spatial planning that bases on coherent law regulations and reliable knowledge, which is harmonized with whole national social-economic policy.
EN
In the complex twenty first-century process of transforming the country towards space open to the world and Europe - innovative, effective, competitive, pure and differentiated - decisive importance will be held by the shaping of bonds that render development dynamic. European competition will create ever stronger centres of entrepreneurship and innovation, which will exert an impact on the whole surrounding space. In accordance with the regularities of the development of information civilisation, this role can be fulfilled in Polish conditions primarily by large urban agglomerations. In the face of the progressing complexity of the twenty-first century world, a long-term strategy integrating co-dependent social, economic, technical, and ecological processes taking place in a differentiated geographic spaces, could become a tool of a conscious and socially desired regulation of the country's development. The accepted, foremost idea in Polish reality at the turn of the twentieth century is the principle of a dynamic balancing of development, creating an opportunity for sustainable development and minimalising numerous contradictions and conflicts in the great game for the permanent development and steady civilisational progress of the country. Reference is made to the fundamental idea of shaping reality, promoted for the more than ten years by global and European intellectual and political milieus. Its essence is the premise that constant and long-term structural transformations will realise permanent development, defined as stable, balanced, self-sustaining and multi-generational, which not only meets contemporary needs but also does not limit the possibilities of fulfilling future requirements. The principle of sustainable development conceived as a synonym or attribute of constant development is increasingly rarely accentuated due to the modification of this idea under the impact of pressure exerted by direct circumstances and a game involving assorted interests. The symptomatic concept of "more balanced development" or evolutionary development envisaged as setting free the ability to evolve in socially desired directions, appears more and more frequently. Taking into consideration Polish reality (the scale of civilisational delay in comparison to Western Europe and the level of historically shaped inner disproportions) it is proposed to accept a paradigm of sustainable development as the methodological-axiological strategy of permanent development. This signifies shaping development in objective internal and external conditions, which render possible a gradual attainment of integrated order, linking interdependently social, economic and ecological order, embroiled in a constant game of contradictions and conflicting interests, and aiming at the ultimate shape of actual reality. In the face of the growing complexities of development and the conflict-inducing interests of the subjects (actors) participating in this game, the fundamental instrument of moulding the development of Polish towns should be long-term, integrated, and unvarying strategic planning, which interdependently binds the structural conditions, strategic targets, trends and principles of development as such as well as its spatial counterpart.
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