Since 1985, nitrile hydratases, metallo-enzymes present in bacteria from genus Rhodococcous, have been used for industrial production of acrylamide and related chemicals. The unique active site of both Fe- and Co-nitrile hydratases contains oxidized cysteines. Despite many efforts, details of the catalytic mechanism of activity and high selectivity remain unknown. Molecular structures, possible routes of hydration and prospects for applications of these photoactive enzymes in nanotechnology are discussed in this review.
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