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2 Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

2 Džuka J.

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Faktorová štruktúra BDI u všeobecnej populácie: zjednodušená verzia beckovho inventára depresie a teória homeostaticky chránenej nálady

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Džuka J.

nr 4

336-352

Objective. This study aimed to analyze the factor structure of the simplified Beck Depression Inventory BDI-S translated from German and attempted for a theoretical justification of its items based on the theory of homeostatically protected mood. BDI-S uses a frequency scale instead of the original rating of the degree of the measured behavior by separate descriptions (21x4 descriptions); thus creating a tool with a four times lower number of items. Method. The questions were answered by N = 1108 people aged from 18 to 70. As in the case of BDI-II, the PAF (principal axis factoring) method and oblique rotation (Promax) were used on half of the participants to analyze the structure of BDI-S; and CFA was used on the other half of the participants. Gender invariance was verified and factor reliability was determined. Results. Using EFA the two-factor structure found by the authors of the original BDI-II questionnaire in students (cognitive-affective dimension, factor 1; and somatic dimension, factor 2) was not supported, but the somatic-affective and cognitive dimensions, which were found by the authors of the original BDI-II in patients (Beck et al., 1996) were supported. CFA confirmed the identified two-factor structure, which was invariant in terms of gender. Conclusions. The two identified dimensions of BDI-S in the general population represent the contents identified by BDI-II in patients. An attempt to apply the theory of homeostatically protected mood seems to be unsuccessful for two reasons: a) In the questionnaire, depressed mood and loss of pleasure and interest are not sufficiently represented, namely, they were not represented by the separate factor in the results; b) In the general population, it can be expected that there will be no longer-lasting negative change in the homeostatically protected mood. Study limitation. The results may have been affected by online data collection at the time of the pandemic.

Low-income people and their SWB : multiple mediational role of two basic psychological needs

100%

Džuka J.

nr 4

402-412

Objectives. The objective of the present study was twofold: 1) to examine the direct relationship between the objective low income and subjective well-being 2) to test the indirect relationship of objective, income to subjective wellbeing mediated by the level of satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. Sample and setting. The sample comprised 118 low income participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M=37.07, SD=12.04). Hypotheses. 1) The lower the objective income would be the less satisfied people would be with their life, the less often they would experience positive emotions and the more often negative emotions. 2) The more they would be satisfied with their three basic psychological needs, the more they would be satisfied with their life, the more often they would experience positive and the less often negative emotions. 3) The relationship of low income and subjective well-being would be partly mediated by the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs. Statistical analysis and results. Using path-analysis it was found that: 1) Low income was in a direct relationship only to the cognitive component of subjective well-being. 2) Low income had a negative relationship to the satisfaction of the relatedness need. 3) Need of relatedness had nevertheless a positive direct and indirect relationship to the variables of subjective wellbeing: direct – a higher satisfaction with life and higher frequency of experiencing positive emotions, the indirect – it was in a positive relation to satisfying the need for autonomy, what mediated a higher life satisfaction score, higher frequency of positive experiencing rate and low rate of the frequency of negative experiencing. The limitations of the results with regard to the size of the research sample and to the validity of the findings obtained are pointed out.

Ciele. Cieľ tejto štúdie bol dvojaký: 1) Preskúmať vzťah nízkeho objektívneho príjmu a subjektívnej pohody. 2) Testovať nepriamy vzťah objektívneho príjmu k subjektívnej pohode mediovaný úrovňou uspokojenia troch bazálnych psychologických potrieb. Súbor. Výskumný súbor predstavoval N = 118 osôb s nízkym príjmom vo veku 18 až 60 rokov (M = 37,07, SD = 12,04). Hypotézy. 1) Čím nižší objektívny príjem, tým nižšia spokojnosť so životom, menej časté prežívanie pozitívnych emócií a časté prežívanie negatívnych emócií. 2) Čím vyššia spokojnosť s troma základnými psychologickými potrebami, tým vyššia spokojnosť so životom a častejšie prežívanie pozitívnych emócií a menej časté negatívnych emócií. 3) Vzťah nízkeho príjmu a subjektívnej pohody je čiastočne mediovaný uspokojením základných psychologických potrieb. Štatistická analýza a výsledky. Pomocou path- -analýzy bolo zistené, že: 1) Nízky príjem bol v priamom vzťahu len ku kognitívnemu komponentu subjektívnej pohody. 2) Nízky príjem mal negatívny vzťah k uspokojovaniu potreby spolupatričnosti. 3) Potreba spolupatričnosti mala napriek tomu pozitívny priamy aj nepriamy vzťah k premenným subjektívnej pohody: priamy – vyššia spokojnosť so životom a vyššia frekvencia prežívania pozitívnych emócií, nepriamy – bola v pozitívnom vzťahu k uspokojovaniu potreby autonómie, a to sprostredkovalo vyššie skóre v spokojnosti so životom a vo frekvencii pozitívneho prežívania a nízke skóre vo frekvencii negatívneho prežívania. Na obmedzenia získaných výsledkov je upozornené z hľadiska veľkosti výskumnej vzorky a z aspektu platnosti získaných zistení.