Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) are becoming an emanating technology among mobile devices. It is a structure less network of independent collection of wireless mobile nodes [Smart phones, Laptops, iPads, PDAs, Sensors etc.] connected by wireless links. Routing in Ad-hoc networks is challenging due to mobility of nodes and dynamically changing topology. The primary objective of the routing protocols is to establish an optimal and efficient route between the communicating nodes. Due to different network environments like varying number of nodes, speed, network load, it is difficult to figure out which routing protocol may perform well. This study investigates the performance and behavior of MANET routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, NCPR and ZRP with a special focus on their comparison, functionality and issues. In this review, we analyzed about the protocols based on various quantitative parameters such as average throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead and average end to end delay.
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an infrastructure-less wireless network of nodes that can sense the environment or physical conditions and relay the data to a sink or a gateway possibly through multiple hops. The primary task of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in such a network is to synchronize the task of data communication between the nodes with energy efficiency being the prime consideration due to power constraints in sensor nodes. So the most significant performance specifications for MAC protocols in WSN are throughput, efficiency, stability, fairness, low access delay, low transmission delay and low overhead. In this paper we have surveyed significant classes of MAC protocols used in WSN and reviewed the merits and demerits of those protocols based on the aforementioned specifications.
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