The aim of the article is to present the process of financial market integration within the European Union and its assessment. The article explains the concept of financial integration and presents steps taken by the European Union in order to integrate the financial market and the level of that integration, and also indicates challenges that the European Union must meet to further integrate its financial market. The analysis that was carried out lets the author state that the attempts to create a uniform financial market within the European Union have been unsuccessful so far. Nevertheless, the steps taken by the European Union, i.e. the implementation of FSAP, the introduction of the euro, common financial policy, TARGET or SEPA, greatly contributed to the increase of the level of the EU financial market integration. The development of the integration can be especially seen on the wholesale financial services market. Retail market keeps being poorly integrated. The 21st century financial crisis clearly showed that the process of integration requires an introduction of some changes which mainly regard the issues of financial market supervision.
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In this article, the author focuses on two challenges that aim to increase the security of the EU’s financial market operations: namely, more effective supervision of financial conglomerates at the EU level, and improving the transparency of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). The first part of the article presents the EU actions with regard to financial market integration; i.e., current integration activities and planned changes to European financial market regulations. The second part looks at the challenges facing financial markets in the European Union. The author concludes that the main priority for the EU should be strengthening its economic governance and ensuring stability of its operations.
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Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) are nowadays one of the main institutional global investors. Their assets exceed the total assets of hedging funds and private equity funds. They operate globally, in both portfolio investments and direct investments. The dynamic development of these funds raises numerous questions about their impact on the economy, also in the context of combating effects of the financial crisis. The main objective of the article is to present the trends that can be observed on the SWF market over the last years, related to both the development of the funds and the transparency of their activity. The number of SWF and the value of their assets have been increasing, as well as their investment activity. The transparency of their operations has been also growing, however this market still remains not very transparent. It is also sometimes believed that sovereign wealth funds can be driven by political reasons (for instance attempts to take over a controlling interest in companies of strategic importance for beneficiaries of an investment) rather than by economic reasons.
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