The writer of this study reveals the connection between Luhmann’s works and Czech theological discourse. He also demonstrates that the theory of systems provides new views on questions such as the open church, Christianity as a religion, non-ontological and non-metaphysical models of theology, and even the possibility of finding new formulations of Trinitarian theology and Christology. The author additionally considers the possibility of an application of Luhmann’s notion of coding as an expression of the identity of a system. He also evaluates a possible formulation of the code of Christianity.
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The author addresses the present-day challenge to theology involving a philosophical turn to Realism and its critique of Constructivism and Postmodernism. The author welcomes this critique. He also points out the benefits of radical Constructivism which have been directed toward theology but have not yet been fully utilized. He presents two successful (in his opinion) German attempts to apply Constructivism to theology. The author believes that a Constructivism free of erroneous ideological assumptions is permanently suitable as a methodology for the study of the obviously designed social phenomena. This reasoning is supported in the author’s exploration of the theology of tradition. In the final section, the author makes mention of the main initiatives that New Realism offers for theology, for example in the area of a dialogue between theology and science, the restoration of metaphysics and ontology, and the theological concept of truth, which could include perspectivity and contextuality of cognition into a realistic position.
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This study is divided into three parts. Firstly, it introduces certain new attempts to apply metaphorical theology, primarily those that do not try to relativize classical dogma, but point to the mystery captured by it. Secondly, this study introduces two attempts to apply metaphorical theology to certain ecclesiological questions: biblical pictures of church unity and depictions of the church in church documents (Lumen Gentium) indicating that metaphors should not only be considered individually but in their limiting and enlightening mutual dialogue. Thirdly, the author discusses certain examples of metaphors used in treatises on ecumenical topics and presents a new metaphor of his own. He reveals the way these metaphors shed light on the problem of divisions between churches.
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