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Jan Patočka a Masarykovo pojetí dějin

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Zouhar J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 3

457-472

EN

Patocka's approach to Masaryk's philosophy of history grew out of his own conception of that philosophical discipline. Patocka took the philosophy of history to be a serious philosophical problem. It was for him, on one hand, the problem of the historicity of man from the objective point of view, while on the other hand it was the problem of the categorical understanding of history from the point of view of subjectivity and thought. According to Patocka, it is necessary to take a critical approach to classical conceptions which worked with metaphysics of history based on the linearity of the temporal, historical continuum; based on the rationality and objectivity of the meaningfulness of historical development; based on understanding of mankind as the subject of history; and based on the idea of historical progress. This does not necessarily mean we must completely discard these conceptions, but it does indicate a defining and restricting of their validity. Patocka's reflections on history are connected with his approach to the problem of the natural world. He is in debt here to Heidegger's concept of openness which, in Patocka's view, founds the life of history and without which history could not persist. It is precisely this openness, however, that brings with it the problematicity of human historical being - the permanent possibility of the collapse of the existing meaning of life. Patocka's reflections on history and historicity culminate in his 'Heretical Essays on the Philosophy of History'. His critical objections to Masaryk's conception of history are contained, above all, in the study 'The Attempt at a Czech National Philosophy and its Lack of Success'. Masaryk's conception of the continuity of Czech history had, for Patocka, an instrumental, nationalistic character. Patocka emphasizes the empirical discontinuity of Czech history. But it is where Masaryk meant to make a step towards a real national philosophy and to a truly radical revision of the existing philosophical tradition that, according to Patocka, he succumbed to an objectivistically and naturalistically-orientated Comtian philosophy of history. He arrived at an objective law of development as something eternal, as something which actually has nothing in common with freedom and responsibility, but which is even in contradiction to them. It is for this reason that Masaryk's attempt at a Czech national philosophy, as part of a general philosophy of history, was doomed to failure.

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Im Schatten der deutschen Reimübertragung der Dalimil-Chronik Versannalen (der so genannte "Abriss" aus dem 14. Jahrhundert). Ein Beitrag zur mittelalterlichen deutschsprachigen Literatur in Böhmen

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Zouhar J.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2007

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tom 130

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nr 1-2

21-42

EN

The article briefly deals with the rhymed German translation of the Old Czech 'Dalimil-Chronicle', but mainly describes the historiographical verse text that was written at the very beginning of the 1389 manuscript along with the German translation of the 'Dalimil-Chronicle'. There are several problems: 1) The authorship of the German verse annals and the relationship between their author and the author of the German translation of the 'Dalimil-Chronicle'; 2) The date of the German verse annals; 3) The customer of the German verse annals as well as of the manuscript from 1389; 4) The problem of the language of the German verse annals in relation to the language of the German translation of the 'Dalimil-Chronicle'. The answers of the author are the following: 1) The author of the German verse annals has not been identified. There are probably several (at least two) authors because there are many differences between chapter three and chapters one and two of the German verse annals. 2) The third chapter was written between 1342-1344/6, but the first and second chapter before 1342, during the reign of Jan Lucemburský. 3) The customer of the German verse annals as well as of the manuscript from 1389 is unknown. 4) The language of the German verse annals has not been examined in this article.

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Load test of helically corrugated pipe-arch under railway

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Safar R. , Zouhar J.

Archiwum Instytutu Inżynierii Lądowej

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2007

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tom Nr 1

205-213

EN

In the fall of 2005 the test of helically corrugated steel pipe-arch (1950 x 1320 mm) installed under railway was carried out. The objective of the test was to determine deflections and stresses in the pipe wall in selected points. These values were measured during backfilling and under both symmetric and non-symmetric train loading. Recorded response of the pipe to both dead and live loads confirmed good correspondence between theoretical calculations and actual measurements.

PL

Jesienią 2005 roku zostały przeprowadzone badania nad spiralnie karbowanymi rurami z blachy falistej o kształcie kroplistym zastosowanymi pod drogą kolejową. Celem badań było określenie odkształceń i naprężeń w ściance rury falistej w wybranych punktach. Wartości te zostały zmierzone w trakcie zasypywania i pod symetrycznie i niesymetrycznie obciążeniem pociągiem. Zarejestrowana reakcja na obciążenia stałe i zmienne potwierdziła dobrą zależność pomiędzy teoretycznymi założeniami i rzeczywistymi pomiarami.

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Long-term changes in habitat selection of wintering waterbirds: high importance of cold weather refuge sites

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Adam M. , Musilova Z. , Musil P. , Zouhar J. , Romportl D.

Acta Ornithologica

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2015

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tom 50

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nr 2