Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The influence of trunk inclination on muscle activity during sitting on forward inclined seats

100%

Mastalerz A. , Palczewska I.

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tom Vol. 12, no. 4

19-24

EN

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of trunk inclination on muscle activity during sitting on forward inclined seats without backrest. The group consisting of thirteen healthy women was examined. Based on anthropometrical data two types of sitting position were adopted with two different angles between thighs and trunk: 120 and 135 degrees. Bioelectrical activity of five muscles was recorded. There was observed statistical influence of the trunk inclination on erector spinae, gastrocnemius lat. and tibialis anterior ( p < 0.05). Especially, the inclination of seat pan influenced tibialis anterior activity (10%), although EMG measured during sitting did not exceed 20% of MVC.

2

Contralateral effects after power training of isolated muscles in women

80%

Mastalerz A. , Woźniak A. , Urbaniak C. , Lutosławska G.

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tom Vol. 12, no. 2

65-71

EN

The purpose of that study was to determine the effect of training of one side of the body on changing the value of the muscle torques on trained and untrained sides. Twenty female students from the Warsaw University of Physical Education were subject to a four-week knee joint power training regimen on the specially designed stand. The same load but different rest time between lapses (120 vs. 30 seconds) were applied to both groups. The load was applied in a form of bending moment equal to 30% of MVC. Bilateral knee force was measured on the Biodex System 3 Pro under isometric conditions. Extension of the rest time between lapses resulted in a higher increase of the strength build-up. Power training causes a similar increase of force generating capacity in both groups for untrained leg. Therefore we have to conclude that there is no influence on homogeneous force improvement for untrained leg after power training.

3

The influence of a four-week training on an inclined plane on the isokinetic knee power

80%

Staniszewski M. , Mastalerz A. , Urbanik C.

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2006

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tom Vol. 8, nr 2

51-58

EN

The aim of this study was to compare the changes in the power of knee flexors and extensors being the effect of two trainings with different structure of load. The effort depended on performing 40 repetitions in 4 series (group A) as well as 40 repetition in 1 run (group B). The power was estimated based on the value obtained under isokinetic conditions.

4

Estimation of muscle torque in various combat sports

80%

Pędzich W. , Mastalerz A. , Sadowski J.

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tom Vol. 14, no. 4

107-112

EN

The purpose of the research was to compare muscle torque of elite combat groups. Twelve taekwondo WTF athletes, twelve taekwondo ITF athletes and nine boxers participated in the study. Measurements of muscle torques were done under static conditions on a special stand which belonged to the Department of Biomechanics. The sum of muscle torque of lower right and left extremities of relative values was significantly higher for taekwondo WTF athletes than for boxers (16%% p < 0.001 for right and 10%, p < 0.05 for left extremities) and taekwondo ITF (10%, p < 0.05 for right and 8% for left extremities). Taekwondo ITF athletes attained significantly higher absolute muscle torque values than boxers for elbow flexors (20%, p < 0.05 for right and 11% for left extremities) and extensors (14% for right and 18%, p < 0.05 for left extremities) and shoulder flexors (10% for right and 12%, p < 0.05 for left extremities) and extensors (11% for right and 1% for left extremities). Taekwondo WTF and taekwondo ITF athletes obtained significantly different relative values of muscle torque of the hip flexors (16%, p < 0.05) and extensors (11%, p < 0.05) of the right extremities.

5

The influence of the run intensity on bioelectrical activity of selected human leg muscles

80%

Mastalerz A. , Gwarek L. , Sadowski J. , Szczepański T.

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tom Vol. 14, no. 2

101-107

EN

The purpose of this work was to investigate the electromyographic (EMG) fatigue representations in muscles of male runners during run at different level of intensity. In this study, the EMG signals for the rectus femoris and biceps femoris (long head) were collected by bipolar electrodes from the left and right lower extremities. EMG measurements were recorded during the run on tartan athletic track. Four professional athletes had to run a 400 m distance with a different intensity. The first distance of 400 m took 90 s; the second, 70 s; the third, 60 s; and the last one was covered with a maximal velocity until exhaustion. Power spectral analysis of EMG signals was carried out to calculate MPF. The results of our study revealed the efforts of different intensity for each muscle individually. The effect of fatigue was observed only in the case of running with the highest velocity. The biggest changes in MPF were observed for BF (23.6%0 and RF (19.5%) muscles of the left leg and then for BF (17.5%) and RF (12.5%) ones of the right leg. We supposed that those differences between the right and left legs were mainly due to the curve of the track where those muscles are differently loaded.

6

Isokinetic muscle torque during glenohumeral rotation in dominant and nondominant limbs

80%

Gołębiewska J. A. , Mastalerz A. , Zieliński J. R.

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2008

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tom Vol. 10, nr 2

69-73

EN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the side-to-side differences of isokinetic muscle torque during shoulder rotation in healthy nonathletic subjects. The strength was examined at two angles of glenohumeral abduction in the scapular plane (45° and 90°, respectively) and at three velocities (180°/s, 120°/s, 60°/s) using Biodex System 3Pro dynamometer. The maximal torques were achieved on dominant side in 45° abduction at 60°/s velocity, both for external and internal rotation. A general pattern was observed: abduction angle and velocity increase provoked a decrease in torque values, but each antagonistic muscle group was sensitive to a different factor. Significant differences between dominant and non-dominant limb were not observed in nonathletic male.

7

Ocena zależności między wybranymi parametrami dynamicznymi a czasem reakcji uderzeń nożnych u zawodników taekwondo WTF

80%

Pędzich W. , Mastalerz A. , Urbanik C. , Pyciarz T.

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2006

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tom z. 30

225-230

PL

Celem pracy była ocena zależności wybranych parametrów dynamicznych różnych rodzajów wyskoków pionowych i czasu reakcji uderzeń nożnych u zawodników taekwondo WTF. Badaniami objęto 10-u zawodników taekwondo WTF w wieku 19 + lub - 1,6 lat, wysokości ciała 180 + lub - 7 cm oraz masie ciała 75 + lub - 7 kg. Poziom sportowy badanych zawierał się pomiędzy 1 kup (trzy osoby) a 1 dan (siedem osób), co świadczy o wysokich umiejętnościach zawodników, popartych również stażem treningowym, który wyniósł 8-9 lat. Ocenie podlegała moc. wysokość i czas odbicia wyskoków (obunóż i iednonóż) na platformie tensometrycznej. Do pomiaru i rejestracji czasu reakcji wykorzystano system SCR_v_2.3 firmy "JBA" Zb. Staniak oraz czujniki skonstruowane w Zakładzie Biomechaniki AWF w Warszawie. Każdy z badanych wykonywał w czasie l minuty 10 uderzeń nożnych-okrężnych na tułów (dollyo chagi) nogą zakroczną. Każde uderzenie poprzedzone było losowo wymuszonym sygnałem świetlnym. Mierzono czas reakcji (od sygnału świetlnego do oderwania stopy od podłoża) oraz czas ruchu (od oderwania nogi do uderzenia w cel). Stwierdzono, że krótsze czasy reakcji uzyskiwały osoby, które osiągnęły większą moc względną (R2=0,72) i krótszy czas odbicia (R2=0,83) podczas wyskoku w serii 5-u wyskoków (MVJ).

EN

The aim of the study was an estimation of relationships among selected dynamics parameters of different land of vertical jumps and reaction time of leg kicks in taekwondo WTF. Ten men attended the research (aged – 19 + or - l,6years old, body height – 180 + or - 7 cm, body weight – 75 + or - 7 kg). The sport level of competitors was between 1 kup (three persons) and 1 dan (seven persons). The required practise was at least 8 to 9 years. The power, height and the time of takeoff for various vertical jumps (one legged, two legged) were estimated. The SCR_v_2.3 system ("JBA" of Zb. Staniak) and self-made micro switches (Laboratory of Biomechanics, APF Warsaw) were used to measure the reaction time. Athletes executed 10 roundhouse kick (dollyo-chagi) by the rear leg during 1 minute. Every stroke was preceded by the flash signal. There were measured reaction time (since the flash signal till lifting the feet from the ground) and movement time (since lifting the feet from the ground till stroke against the aim). It can be concluded that the shorter reaction times had the athletes who had higher relative power ( R2=0,72) and shorter times of takeoff in multivertical jump (MVJ).

8

Force and power levels after 4-weeks of plyometric training

61%

Mastalerz A. , Ostrowska E. , Iwańska D. , Madej A. , Pędzich W. , Staniszewski M. , Urbanik C.

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2006

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tom z. 26

235-240

EN

Fifteen students from the Warsaw University of Physical Education participated in the experiment. After pre-testing, two groups completed 4 weeks of plyometric training with different time of rest periods among series (30 and 120 seconds) Four series of hops above ten hurdles were executed during the one training. Two different heights of hurdles and additional external loads were carried out for individualisation training loads. Our results proved that shorter time of rest period influenced on poor muscle toleration on load and possibilities to recover after a plyometric exercises.

9

The effect of various types of power training on muscle torques and power levels of lower extremity

61%

Ostrowska E. , Mastalerz A. , Urbanik C. , Staniszewski M. , Iwańska D. , Madej A. , Pędzich W.

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2006

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tom z. 26

275-280

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two various types of power training on the muscle torques and power levels of lower extremities. During four weeks (five days a week) 27 students participated in this study. The training device consisted of an incline plane and a sliding seat. The varied types of power training were achieved by utilizing intermissions between the series of take offs. 4 series of 10 takes-offs with rest periods among series were carried out in A group (120s in length). Whereas the group B carried out the same number of take offs (40 take-offs) continuously. The interval training (group A) resulted in more effective dynamic values of the lower extremities than the continuous training adhered to by group B.

10

Lactic acid concentration and muscle strength level after 4-weeks power training

51%

Madej A. , Mastalerz A. , Lutosławska G. , Iwańska D. , Malara M. , Ostrowska E. , Żołnowska M. , Urbanik C.

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2006

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tom z. 26

213-218

EN

Thirty one young men volunteered to the study. After pre-testing two groups completed 4 weeks (5 days per week) of two versions of power training programs (4x10 take-offs on a inclined plane; intervals 120 or 30s.). Additional external loads to increase external power were applied. Training effects were monitored by: maximal muscle torques (measured under static conditions for the knee, hip and ankle joints) and lactate concentration in the blood. Results of the study showed no significant differences between groups in increase of the sum of muscle torques nor in lactate. Significant differences (up to 26%) were revealed in lactic acid concentration in blood between groups in post training measurements (less while exercising with long intervals).