Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ład prawno-ekonomiczny na niemieckim rynku praw do transmisji sportowych

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Grabowski A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2013

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tom 130

19-29

EN

Media have an important role in the development of professional sport in Germany. Revenue from broadcast media have become an important source of external financing for German sports enterprises. Their sales are centralized and managed by a company specializing in Professional Leagues in Federal Republic of Germany. The increase in economic importance of sport and the legal system in this sector captured the attention of the Federal Cartel Office and the bodies of the European Community. The interventions of national and European institutions have influenced the changes in the legal order in this market by contributing to greater benefits for consumers, as well as to raise the competitiveness of German sports enterprises

2

Znaczenie ekonomiczne sportu w Unii Europejskiej

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Grabowski A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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tom 176

189-200

EN

The dynamic development of the sport due to the processes of globalization, commercialization and professionalization has led to an increase its importance for economies of the countries of the European Union. For more accurate description of this phenomenon, it became necessary to construct a new measurement tool. As an initiative of the European Commission in 2006 there was started a work of a Working Group on Sport and Economics. There was developed a detailed definition of sport and the methodology of the measurement what enabled to determine its added value and influence on employment in European Union. Use of new measurement tool on 2006 basis enabled to determined that added value of sports in term of statistical meaning was 28,16 bln EUR, the narrow was 112,18 bln EUR and the broad was 173,87 bln EUR. The percentages of the total number of employees amounted appropriately: 0,31%, 1,49% and 2,12%.

3

Przemiany w funkcjonowaniu niemieckich podmiotów sportowych w latach 1998-2013

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Grabowski A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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tom 187

111-123

EN

For over 50 years the German sports subject compete with each other in the 1. Bundesliga. This competition is no longer limited only to sport aspect, but more and more it takes economic dimension. In 1998-2013 Sustainable Football Enterprise led to the situation where their combined turnover was 2 bln EUR, own capital 778.8 mln EUR, and the number of created jobs was 28 000. A good example of the transformation that those has gone through was the story of Borussia Dortmund. After transformation into a limited partnership it was decided to start the activity on the stock market, which resulted in gaining 143 mln EUR of capital. In case on this club focusing only on the sport dimension nearly led to bankruptcy. The implementation of the rescue plan associated with activity diversification, as well as the intense new sources of funding in 2011-2013, led to both success in sports and economic field.

4

Oddziaływanie przedsiębiorstw sportowych na niemiecki rynek pracy

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Grabowski A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2013

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tom 145

243-252

EN

Professional football clubs that have their headquarters in the Federal Republic of Germany from several years are undergoing serious economic and organizational changes. As a result of economic development and globalization process they have become a part of the service sector. These enterprises carry out their business as commercial, so it may be adequate to name them as sport enterprises (football enterprises). This sector adjusts to suit the needs of the knowledge market. Bold managers` visions make that the competition between sport clubs affects not only sport itself but is also is becoming more and more a market competition in a global scale. In a connection with commercial activities of these sports enterprises, they also affect the labor market creating new jobs, usually at sport stadium, health centers, travel agencies or factories that produce sport equipment. The right of performing in professional football leagues in Federal Republic of Germany depends on the fulfillment of the economic and sport requirements that depend on the license regulations. Those rules make that the licensee (sport enterprise) must have well qualified experts working in business and sport area, thanks to whom their competitiveness will be improved. In addition, new investments in infrastructure, development of new professions and diversification of the activities of sport enterprises, lead to the creation of new job places.

5

Ordoliberalna kategoria własności na przykładzie poglądów Waltera Euckena i Wilhelma Röpkego

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Grabowski A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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tom 260

27-35

PL

Jedną z istotnych kategorii ekonomicznych dla ordoliberalizmu była własność. Wynikało to z założeń samej doktryny ordoliberalnej, która na fundamencie ładu prawno-instytucjonalnego stworzyła porządek, z którego wyłoniła się gospodarka rynkowa. Dominowała w nim wolność, ale także konkurencja i własność prywatna, stąd też całkowita negacja komunizmu i gospodarki centralnie sterowanej. Dla Waltera Euckena i Wilhelma Röpkego – czołowych przedstawicieli ordoliberalizmu – to właśnie własność była jedną z podstawowych zasad konstytuujących porządek rynkowy oraz atrybutem wolności jednostki. Każdy obywatel miał zagwarantowaną wolność prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej i mógł korzystać z prywatnej własności środków produkcji. Tym samym własność w połączeniu z istnieniem konkurencji wolnorynkowej przyczyniła się do rozwoju całego społeczeństwa.

EN

One of the basic economic categories for ordoliberalism was the property. It was due to assumptions of the ordoliberalism doctrine. At the foundation of the legal and institutional order first economic order was made, from which a market economy emerged. In this order prevailed: freedom, competition and private ownership. As a result, ordoliberalism representatives were opposed to communism and a centrally planned economy. For the leading representatives of ordoliberalism (Walter Eucken and Wilhelm Röpke), the property was one of the fundamental principle of constituting a market order and attribute of the individual freedom. Every citizen had guaranteed the freedom of establishment and the use of private ownership of the means of production. The property in conjunction with the existence of free-market competition has contributed to development of the whole society.

6

Działalność niemieckich przedsiębiorstw sportowych (piłkarskich) a społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu

100%

Grabowski A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 3

121-130

EN

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s a new economic doctrine called ordoliberalism was born in Germany. The foundations of this doctrine were values such as responsibility, solidarity, justice, and freedom. Classics of ordoliberalism formulated a number of recommendations and requirements for businesses in their writings. One of them was the public responsibility, which had the private-economic and socio-economic nature. In Germany sports’ (football) enterprises functioning in the form of companies and associations are participants in the sports-economic competition in the two professional leagues (1. Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga). At the same time sports enterprises pursue different aims: among the economic goals, there are also the social goals. In the structures of sports enterprises there are several departments dealing with CSR and implementation of partnership projects. The article concludes that 1) the constitutive elements of ordoliberalism had an influence on the functioning of sports (football) enterprises in Germany, 2) the projects realized under the social responsibility rule that were undertaken by sports companies were strongly related to sports education, environmental protection, and social exclusion.

PL

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7

Activity of German sports (football) enterprises and Corporate Social Responsibility

100%

Grabowski A.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 7

167-175

EN

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, a new economic doctrine called ordoliberalism was born in Germany. The foundations of this doctrine were values such as responsibility, solidarity, justice, and freedom. Classics of ordoliberalism formulated a number of recommendations and requirements for businesses in their writings. One of them was the public responsibility, which had the private-economic and socio-economic nature. In Germany sports’ (football) enterprises functioning in the form of companies and associations are participants in the sports-economic competition in the two professional leagues (1.Bundesliga and 2.Bundesliga). At the same time sports enterprises pursue different aims: among the economic goals, there are also the social goals. In the structures of sports enterprises, there are several departments dealing with CSR and implementation of partnership projects. The article concludes that 1) the constitutive elements of ordoliberalism had an influence on the functioning of sports (football) enterprises in Germany, 2) the projects realized under the social responsibility rule that were undertaken by sports companies were strongly related to sports education, environmental protection, and social exclusion.

8

Teoria własności w ordoliberalizmie a współczesne funkcjonowanie sektora przedsiębiorstw piłkarskich w Republice Federalnej Niemiec

100%

Grabowski A.

Handel Wewnętrzny

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2016

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nr 6 (365)

227-237

PL

Celem rozważań jest: 1) ukazanie kluczowych poglądów ordoliberałów na temat kategorii własności; 2) przedstawienie sytuacji ekonomicznej w sektorze niemieckich przedsiębiorstw piłkarskich; 3) zaprezentowanie warunków w jakich odbywa się konkurencja oraz jak kształtują się stosunki własnościowe w tym sektorze gospodarki niemieckiej. W artykule posłużono się krytyczną analizą literatury oraz studium przypadku, które dotyczyło niemieckiego sektora przedsiębiorstw piłkarskich. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono: 1) zarówno wolność, jak i własność były wartościami, z których wywodził się ordoliberalizm. Znalazło to odzwierciedlenie w praktykowanej w Niemczech społecznej gospodarce rynkowej; 2) od ponad dekady wzrosło znaczenie ekonomiczno-społeczne niemieckich przedsiębiorstw piłkarskich. Świadczą o tym m.in. wzrost przychodów i stan kapitału własnego oraz wielkość zatrudnienia. Regularnie ponad połowa przedsiębiorstw piłkarskich odnosi zyski; 3) sektor ten funkcjonuje w warunkach ładu konkurencyjnego wynikającego z ordoliberalizmu. Zapewniona jest w nim wolność prowadzenia działalności i chronione są prawa własności. Zwiększyła się liczba inwestorów zewnętrznych, którzy zaangażowali swój kapitał w podmioty sportowe, co jeszcze bardziej może przyczynić się do dalszego rozwoju tego sektora.

EN

The main goal of this paper is to: 1) present the key notion of originators of ordoliberalism on the value category; 2) present the economic situation in the sector of German football enterprises; 3) present the conditions, in which competition takes place, and how the property relationships in the sector of German football enterprises are created. In the paper, a critical analysis of the literature as well as a case study research was conducted on the sector of German football enterprises. Based on the research it was revealed that: 1) both freedom and property were the values given the origin of ordoliberalism; it was reflected in practice in Germany in the social market economy; 2) for more than a decade the growth of socio-economic importance of German football enterprises has risen; it is proved by the growth of incomings and equity and volume of employment; more than half of football enterprises gain profits regularly; 3) the sector of German football enterprises functions under the competitive order as a result of ordoliberalism; in this sector, the freedom of running business activities is provided and private ownership is protected; the increase of the number of external investors, who invested their capital, is noticed, what can help a further development of the sector of German football enterprises.

RU

Цель рассуждений: 1) указать основные взгляды ордолибералов на категорию собственности; 2) представить экономическую ситуацию в секторе немецких футбольных предприятий; 3) представить условия, в каких проходит конкуренция, и как формируются отношения собственности в этом секторе немецкой экономики. В статье применили критический анализ литературы и изучение конкретной проблемы, которое касалось немецкого сектора фут- больных предприятий. На основе проведенного изучения констатировали:1) как свобода, так и собстенность были ценностями, из которых вышел ордолиберализм; это нашло свое отражение в практикуемой в Германии общест- венной рыночной экономике; 2) более чем десять лет тому назад повысилось социально-экономическое значение немецких футбольных предприятий. Об этом свидетельствуют, в частности, рост доходов и состояние собственного капитала, а также объем занятости. Регулярно свыше половины футбольных предприятий получают прибыль; 3) этот сектор функционирует в условиях конкурентного порядка, вытекающего из ордолиберализма. В нем обеспече- на свобода осуществления деятельности и защищаются права собственности. Увеличилось число внешних инвесторов, которые вложили свой капитал в спортивные субъекты, что еще более может способствовать дальнейшему развитию этого сектора.