Alexander Chertenko, “THERE ARE NO INNOCENTS HERE”. MICROCOLONIZATION OF DONBASS IN YEVHEN POLOZHIY’S NOVEL ‘ILOVAYS’K’ (2015). “PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. Vol. XXIV, P. 69-84. ISSN 1733-165X. Basing on Yevhen Polozhiy’s “Ilovays’k”, the article examines the discourse of microcolonization of Donbass which is central to Ukrainian literature dealing with Russian-Ukrainian war. Referring to compensatory quasi-imperial practices employed by former colonies, the microcolonization dispositive is interpreted here as a basic tool for cultural and political (re)appropriation of Donbass as a kind of “internal alien”. The results of its use are the dehumanization of the Donbass population and its exclusion from the commemoration of the “own” victims of war, the delegitimation of any regional identity deviating from Ukrainian national narrative and, therefore, the performative integration of Donbass intothe project of “integral” Ukraine.
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Alexander Chertenko, „HIER GIBT ES KEINE UNSCHULDIGEN“. DIE MIKROKOLONISIERUNG DES DONBASS IN JEVHEN POLOŽIJS ROMAN „ILOVAJS’K“ (2015). „PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. T. XXIV, S. 69-84. ISSN 1733-165X. Am Beispiel von Jevhen Položijs „Ilovajs’k“ wird im Beitrag der literarische Diskurs über die Mikrokolonisierung des Donbass untersucht, der für die ukrainische Literatur zum russisch-ukrainischen Krieg von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Mit Verweis auf die kompensatorischen quasiimperialen Praktiken, die von den ehemaligen Kolonien oft verwendet werden, wird das Mikrokolonialismus-Dispositiv hier als das wichtigste Instrument einer kulturellen und politischen (Wieder)Aneignung des Donbass in Gestalt eines „inneren Fremden“ analysiert. Wie der Roman zeigt, führt der mikrokolonisatorische Ansatz zur literarisch ausgetragenen Entmenschlichung der Region und zum Ausschluss seiner Bevölkerung aus der „eigenen“ Kommemorationspraxis, somit auch zur Delegitimierung jeglicher regionaler Identifizierungen, die vom ukrainischen nationalen Narrativ abweichen, und schließlich zur performativen (Re)Integration des auf das Territorium reduzierten Donbass ins Projekt der „unteilbaren“ Ukraine.
Basing on Aleksandr Medvedkin’s New Moscow and Ivan Pyryev’s The Swineherd and the Shepherd, this case study analyses the way the “new” Moscow was represented as a space of realised utopia in the Soviet socialist realist films of the 1930s and at the beginning of the 1940s. Functioning as a supranational centre of the Soviet “affirmative action empire” (Terry Martin), the cinematographic Moscow casts off all constraints of ‘Russianness’ in order to become a pan-Soviet model which, both in its architecture and semantics, could epitomize the perfect city and the perfect state. The comparative analysis of both films demonstrates that, although both directors show Moscow through the lens of the so-called “spaces of celebration” (Mikhail Ryklin), ‘their’ Soviet capital does not compensate for the “traumas of the early phases of enforced urbanization”, as Ryklin supposed. Rather, it operates as a transformation machine whose impact pertains only to periphery and can be effective once the representatives of this periphery have left Moscow. The complex inclusion and exclusion mechanisms resulting from this logic turn the idealised Soviet capital into a space which only the guests from peripheral regions can perceive as utopian. The ensuing suppression ofthe inner perspectives on ‘utopian’ Moscow is interpreted here as a manifestation of the “cinematicunconscious”, which accounts for the anxieties of the inhabitants of the capital concerning both Stalinist terror and their own hegemony in a society haunted by the purges.
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