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PL
Nowoczesne współrzędnościowe urządzenia pomiarowe pozwalają na bardziej dokładne pomiary elementów maszyn. Zastosowanie tych urządzeń pozwala na zastąpienie dotychczasowych technik pomiarowych. Z uwagi na wysokie koszty eksploatacji tych urządzeń należy wziąć pod uwagę tradycyjne metody pomiarów. Na podstawie pomiarów wybranych elementów maszyn, za pomocą różnych narzędzi pomiarowych wykazano, że w wielu przypadkach drogie urządzenie można zastąpić typowymi, dotychczas stosowanymi przyrządami pomiarowymi.
EN
The modern coordinate-measuring machines allow for a more accurate measurement of machine parts. Use of these devices allows for the replacement of existing measurement techniques. Due to the high cost of operating this equipment must take into account the traditional methods of measurement. On the basis of the measurements of selected machine elements using a variety of tools has been shown, that in many cases the expensive device can be replace conventional, previously used measuring instruments.
4
Content available Aspekty motywacyjno-emocjonalne uprawiania turystyki
51%
EN
The purpose of the investigation was to characterize motives of tourist outings and description of emotions that are connected with those outings among students. The survey was made by means of questioning a group of 117 people. The survey revealed that the initiation of tourist outings usually takes place in one’s childhood, with one’s family. The number of family outings diminishes with age in favour of outings in the company of teachers, tutors, guides and friends. The number of lone trekking also grows. The dominant motives inspiring students to engage in tourism are: an opportunity to be with friends in conditions that are different from the usual ones, the need for new experiences, visiting museums and monuments of history, getting away from problems of everyday life, re-experiencing beauty of the mountains, the sea, beautiful landscapes. Emotions most frequently experienced by students during their tourist outings are the extraordinary feelings connected with admiration of beauty of nature, the feeling of freedom and joy, feeling of contentment in spite of tiredness, unusual sensation resulting from watching the starry sky at night. It has been established that most students (about 61%) display positive attitudes towards the natural and cultural environments, whereas their opinions of mass tourism are negative. Students recognize the need of environmental education starting in the early years of life, so that habits of appropriate behavior in natural environment can be formed and consolidated
PL
Popioły i żużle są uciążliwym odpadem w środowisku naturalnym, który jednakowoż znajduje zastosowanie w produkcji materiałów budowlanych. Interesujące było zbadanie właściwości popiołów i żużli pochodzących z procesu spalania tego samego paliwa węglowego w dwóch różnych instalacjach (pracujących w obrębie elektrociepłowni Kielce). Przeprowadzono badania morfologii ziaren popiołów w mikroskopie skaningowym. Przy pomocy analizera pierwiastków promieniotwórczych wykonano badania aktywności radiologicznej odpadów paleniskowych. Tym samym możliwe było wnioskowanie, jak dalece mogą zmienić się właściwości popiołów w funkcji parametrów spalania, przy zachowanym wsadzie surowcowym.
EN
In the paper the results of investigation for the purpose to determine some features of ashes and slag derived from heating installation are presented. Investigated ashes and slag have been taken from heating - power plant in Kielce, where 2 installation are going on. Fundamental differences of physical and chemical features were confirmed for ashes taken from particular installation. Grains morphology, radiological activity were the main differentiated distinctive marks. Thus, the role of structure of the boiler installation for the characteristic of ashes features derived from heating power plant has been confirmed.
PL
W artykule omówiono wyniki badań diagnostycznych alternatorów i wielofunkcyjnych regulatorów napięcia na przykładzie wybranego samochodu. Przedstawiono zalety i wady aktualnie stosowanych alternatorów, różniących się uzwojeniem i sposobem połączeń elektrycznych.
EN
The article discusses the results of diagnostic testing alternators and multifunctional voltage regulators for Ex-will the car. We present the advantages and disadvantages of currently used alternators, different way of winding and electrical connections.
18
Content available Konsekwencje wypadków turystycznych i rekreacyjnych
38%
EN
The purpose of the present study was to examine the consciousness of tourists within the scope of an organizational, economical and law situation of institutions giving first aid to injured people in touristic and recreational accidents. In order to complete the task, 151 adults taking part in tourism and recreation were examined by using survey. The study showed that outdoor form of recreation are more popular than traditional (indoor) kinds of sports. Moreover, the tourists condemn risky and reckless behaviours during these kinds of spending free time. The people inquired think, that tourists should participate in the costs of providing first aid for injured in this kind of accidents. In their opinion, financial situation of organizations which give first aid in touristic accidents is not satisfactory and they do not know any offer of insurance in this scope.
EN
An enquiry investigation was carried out during XIV Polish Veterans Light Athletics Championships which took place in Częstochowa on July 3rd and 4th 2004. An older group of 27 females and 154 males was tested (52.21 ± 9.46 years). 160 of the respondents inhabited urban areas, 58.56% were higher education graduates and most of them trained light athletics 3 or more times a week (70.72% of respondents). Over 95% people described their state of health as good or very good, and 96% of them declared their physical fitness as good or very good. The respondents spent more money on sport than on health protection. Hypertension was more often observed in people who trained short track running, throwing and jumping (16.67%), than in people who trained endurance exercise (10.39%). The investigation revealed that a good state of health and physical fitness of respondents were related to their level of education, whereas, they do not corresponded to the amount of money spent on sport and health protection.
20
38%
EN
The purpose of the paper was presenting tourist attractions of footpaths and difficulties in the area of Mountain Zborów, which is a fragment of Kroczyce Rocks in the central part of Kraków – Częstochowa Upland. About 7.75 km long footpaths were evaluated, walking from the crossing of the blue footpath with Żarki – Kroczyce road, until it joins the red footpath on the other side of Mountain Zborów. Walking down from this mountain along the red footpath and Żarki – Kroczyce road we returned to the start point. During the evaluation which was made in August the state of footpaths and the environment around them was observed. Moreover, workload of a 25 year old tourist walking on the foothpaths was also investigated. For this purpose, the man covered this distance in the time of about 75 min. His heart rate (HR) was registered two times: without and with 11.5 kg backpack. The difference in load seems to be quite significant for the tourist’s organism, as the mean HR on footpaths without any load was 129 beats per min and increased to 147 beats per min when the tourist was carrying the backpack. During climbing with backpack to the top of Zborów Mountain the tourist’s HR exceeded 180 beats per min. The analysis revealed that, trekking along the above mentioned foothpaths increased workload of human organism, and the discussed foothpaths were characterized by a great variety of tourist attriactions, especially visited at weekends.
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