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Analysis of the Effectiveness of Biological Plant Protection on Sunflower Productivity under Different Cenosis Density under the Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

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Domaratskiy Y. , Kovalenko O. , Kachanova T. , Pichura V. , Zadorozhnii Y.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

tom Vol. 24, iss. 9

45--54

The purpose of the article was to determine how foliar treatments of plants with environmentally friendly combined-action substances affect the yield of new sunflower hybrids under non-irrigated conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. The field experiments were conducted in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under non-irrigated conditions on southern chernozem. The humus content in the arable soil layer was 2.90%, the depth of the humus layer was 0–30 cm, and the transitional layer was 30–60 cm. The research was conducted by establishing a three-factor field experiment, where factor A was sunflower hybrids of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine - Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravy and Epikur; factor B – different plant densities (30, 40 and 50 thousand/ha) and factor C – treatment of vegetative plants in the phase of budding with substances of biological origin (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance and Biocomplex BTU). The field experiment was located on the winter wheat forecrop. Fertilizers were applied during the main cultivation at a dose of N30P30K30. Sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 70 cm in the last decade of April. Yield accounting and the evaluation of the crop structure were carried out by manual threshing of plants selected from the accounting area of the test plots and recalculation by 8% seed moisture. From the results of observations, it was found that the foliar treatments of sunflowers with environmentally friendly combined-action substances contributed to the prolongation of the interphase periods in the second half of the growing season of all studied hybrids. Treatment of plants with environmentally friendly substances helped to reduce the level of damage to all hybrids by pathogenic microflora, the highest fungicidal efficacy was observed in Hela Fit Combi and Organic Balance. All hybrids formed the highest yields at a density of 40 thousand units/ha. Dense plantings up to 50 thousand units/ha were inferior in yield to the ones with a planting density of 40 thousand units/ha and were almost at the same level as the ones with 30 thousand units/ha. Hybrids Yarylo, Epikur and Yaskravy were significantly inferior in productivity; however, their foliar treatments also had a similar tendency to increase their productivity.

Influence of Foliar Top Dressing with Microfertilizers on Sunflower Growth, Development and Productivity

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Kovalenko O. , Domaratskiy Y. , Panfilova A. , Korkhova M. , Neroda R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

tom Vol. 25, iss. 4

316--324

The purpose of the research is to determine the duration of the interphase period, total water consumption, plant height, yield and quality of sunflower seeds, depending on the characteristics of hybrids and foliar top dressing with microfertilizers. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2020–2021 in the experimental field of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Results. It was determined that all the studied microfertilizers extended the duration of interfacial periods of sunflower plants. The largest total water consumption of sunflower plants (2259 m3 /ha) was formed in the hybrid NK Kamen in the variant with foliar top dressing with microfertilizer Quantum, which was 0.9–6.5% more than in the same variant with hybrids Darius and Tutti. The highest height of sunflower plants among the hybrids submitted for study was formed by Darius – 165.7–170.9 cm, which was 5.0–5.7% higher than the height of plants of the NK Kamen hybrid and 7.2–8.0% more than the height of Tutti hybrid. It was found that the highest yield of sunflower seeds (2.55 t/ha) on average over the years of research was formed in the hybrid NK Kamen in the variant with foliar top dressing with microfertilizer Quantum, which exceeded its level in the non-fertilized control by 18.6% and the average yield for all variants of the experiment by 12.3%. The highest yield of sunflower seeds (2.56 t/ha) among the hybrids submitted for study was provided by NK Kamen in 2021, which was 12.3% more than in the Darius hybrid and 6.6% more than in the Tutti hybrid. Foliar top dressing with microfertilizers significantly affected the quality indicators of seeds of the studied sunflower hybrids. The maximum fat content values (from 50.1 up to 52.7%, depending on the hybrid) were achieved by applying Quantum microfertilizer in the 5-6-leaf phase. The conditional yield of oil from seeds in this variant of nutrition is also determined to be the maximum – from 1.13 up to 1.34 t/ha, depending on the hybrid. Less effective for the growth and development of plants and the formation of their productivity was the preparation Rostok, with the introduction of which the duration of the growing season increased by 1-2 days; total water consumption increased by 29–35 m3 /ha; the height increased by 1.1–4.6 cm; seed yield increased by 0.80–0.28 t/ ha; the content fat in seeds increased by 0.02–0.03%; oil seed yield increased by 0.12–0.15 t/ha.