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EN
This paper’s purpose is to present the effects of selected environmental factors on the somatic development of first-year students at Uniwersytet Zielonogorski. On the basis of the results of a study of 425 men and 399 women, conducted over the academic year of 2004/2005, an analysis was made of the impact of the following factors: level of urbanization of the subjects’ residential area, father and mother’s education, parents jobs, number of elder siblings, total number of siblings, education, and feeding method after birthon their body height and weight.
PL
Celem pracy jest ukazanie poziomu rozwoju fizycznego młodzieży akademickiej studiującej wychowanie fizyczne w PWSZ w Koszalinie, a także charakterystyka porównawcza z innymi uczelniami Polski. Materiał stanowią wyniki badań 81 studentów i 24 studentek I roku wychowania fizycznego PWSZ w Koszalinie, przeprowadzonych przez autora pracy w latach 2012–2013. Techniką martinowską wykonano 29 pomiarów somatometrycznych (odcinki długościowe i szerokościowe ciała, obwody, fałdy skórno-tłuszczowe), na podstawie których wyliczono 12 wskaźników proporcji ciała. Strukturę somatyczną badanych zespołów męskich określono typologią Adama Wankego, a żeńskich Ewy Kolasy. Zebrany materiał opracowano podstawowymi metodami statystycznymi. Zróżnicowanie badanej młodzieży w aspekcie wielkości zamieszkiwanego środowiska, a także charakterystykę porównawczą do studentów i studentek studiujących wychowanie fizyczne w różnych ośrodkach akademickich Polski przedstawiono w tabelach oraz graficznie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono różnicujące oddziaływanie czynnika urbanizacyjnego na rozwój somatyczny młodzieży studiującej wychowanie fizyczne w PWSZ w Koszalinie. Zespoły studentów i studentek zamieszkujących środowisko miejskie w porównaniu do wiejskiego charakteryzuje wyższy poziom rozwoju fizycznego. Młodzież PWSZ w porównaniu do zespołów studentów i studentek Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego charakteryzuje się większą tęgością budowy ciała. Pierwszoplanowymi w budowie ciała zespołów studentów PWSZ są elementy IA, a wśród studentek zdecydowanie przeważa element leptosomiczny I. Formuła somatyczna IAVH charakteryzuje zespół mężczyzn, a studentek IYAH. Studenci koszalińskiej PWSZ elementami somatycznymi najbardziej podobni są do studentów wychowania fizycznego Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, natomiast studentki pierwszoplanowym elementem nawiązują do zespołów AWF w Gdańsku, Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego i Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Młodzież koszalińskiej PWSZ pod względem wysokości ciała jest najbardziej podobna do zespołów z Gdańska (studenci) i Katowic (studentki), a największe różnice odnotowano w porównaniu do studentów z Rzeszowa i Zielonej Góry oraz studentek z Warszawy i Poznania. Przeciętne masy ciała studentów z Koszalina są zbliżone do zespołów z Wrocławia i Łodzi, natomiast studentek do zespołów z Poznania, Wrocławia, Katowic i Gdańska. Największe różnice (przekraczające wartość 0,5 SD) stwierdzono w porównaniu do studentów i studentek z Rzeszowa i Katowic. Budową ciała studenci z Koszalina podobni są do rówieśników z Zielonej Góry i Łodzi, a studentki do studiujących w Katowicach i w Gdańsku. Różnice duże i bardzo duże między średnimi wskaźników ilorazowych (przekraczającymi wartość 0,5 i 1 odchylenia standardowego) stwierdzono w porównaniu do studentów z Rzeszowa, Poznania, Gdańska i studentek z Rzeszowa i Poznania.
EN
The paper aims at presenting the level of physical development of students studying physical education at State Higher Vocational School in Koszalin, and its comparative characteristics with students from other Polish universities. The research material comprises the results of tests conducted on 81 male students and 24 female students studying physical education at Higher Vocational State School in Koszalin, carried out by the author in 2012–2013. 29 somatometric measurements (length and width, circumferences, skin folds) were taken with the use of Martin’s measurement technique. They were used to calculate 12 indicators of body proportions. The somatic structure of the male respondents was identified by means of Adam Wanke’s typology, and the structure of females with the use of Ewa Kolasa typology. The collected material was developed using basic statistical methods. The diversity of the young people in terms of the size of the inhabited environment, as well as the comparative characteristics of the male and female students studying physical education in various Polish academic centres are presented in tables and graphs. Based on the analysis, it has been found that the urban factor differentiates the somatic development of young people studying physical education at Higher Vocational State School in Koszalin. The students living in the urban environment are characterized by a higher level of physical development in comparison to those living in rural areas. Compared to the students of the University of Zielona Góra they have a higher stoutness. The major elements in body build of the Koszalin male students are IA elements and for female students the leptosomatic element. The IAVH somatic formula is characteristic for the male respondents, and the IYAH is characteristic for the female students. The somatic elements of the Koszalin male students are similar to those of the physical education students at the University of Zielona Góra, while the female students’ major element is similar to the major element of female students at Physical Education Academy in Gdansk, University of Zielona Góra and the University of Rzeszów. In terms of body height the Koszalin students are most similar to the teams from Gdansk (male students) and Katowice (female students), and the largest differences were observed in comparison to male students from Rzeszow and Zielona Góra, and female students from Warsaw and Poznań. The average body mass of the Koszalin male students is close to the body mass of the teams from Wroclaw and Lódź, and the average body mass of the female students is similar to the body mass of the teams from Poznań, Wrocław, Katowice and Gdańsk. The biggest differences (over 0.5 SD) have been found when comparing to students from Rzeszow and Katowice. The body build of the Koszalin male students is similar to the body build of their peers from Zielona Gora and Łódz and the body build of the female students is similar to that of young women studying in Katowice and Gdansk. Big and very big differences between the means of quotient indicators (more than 0.5 and 1 standard deviation) have been found when the male respondents were compared to students from Rzeszów, Poznań, Gdańsk and the female students were compared to female students from Rzeszow and Poznan.
EN
The paper presents the relations between morphological parameters and physical fitness in 7-, 10- and 14-year-olds. The research was conducted during the school year of 1996/97 in randomly selected primary schools in Zielona Góra on a group of 318 boys and 330 girls. The collected data underwent statistical processing using Pearsons correlation matrix. Some statistically significant correlation was found between the results of physical fitness testes and somatic features in the younger girls groups (7 and 10 years) and older boys (10 and 14 years).
EN
This paper’s purpose is to show the trend and scope changes in body height and mass and in selected motor abilities. The study draws on the results of measurements of Zielona Góra’s students over the period of 1975–2010. An analysis of the data confirms the existence of a secular trend of men and women students’ morphological features. The changes in Zielona Góra’s men and women students’ body height and mass that have taken place over the period of 1975–2010 point to the continuing secular trend. The decrease in the value of the weight–height index points to the progressing leptosomism. A positive change in arms strength has been observed (verified by means of the results of a medicine-ball throw test) in both populations, whereas a regress has been observed in agility (Time result of ‘envelope’ zigzag run), speed endurance (number of squats with backward leg–throw within limited time) – and in lower extremities’ explosive power in the men and women students’ (verified by means of the results of standing long jump).
EN
The aim is to show the differences in the level of physical and motor development of male and female students of Zielona Góra University coming from areas of various degrees of urbanization. The material includes the results of 234 male students and 119 female students studying Physical Education at the University of Zielona Gora in 2011–2014. Using Martin’s technique the following anthropometric measurements were taken: body height and weight, segment length, width, circumference, thickness of skinfolds and the width of epiphysis. On their basis the indicators of body proportions were calculated. The development of the respondents’ motor skills was measured in Pilicz’s test and the International Physical Fitness Test. The tests measured their agility, right and left hand grip strength, explosive strength of lower limbs and flexibility. The collected material was analyzed statistically. The differences between the arithmetic means of the characteristics were calculated with a t-test, and the graphic dimorphic diversity was presented with the use of Mollison index. The results were compared with the results obtained in other centres. The following conclusions was drawn. The size of the urban environment clearly differentiates the respondents in terms of their somatic features, indices of body proportions and the level of motor skills. In both analyzed environments (urban and rural places of residence), dimorphism was especially noticeable (exceeding 1 Sd) in height and weight, shoulder width, epiphysis (wrist and ulna) width, chest circumference, arm circumference, body proportions (WHR, hip ratio, lower limb length, hip to height ratio), explosive strength of lower limbs and the strength of the finger flexor muscles. Also, the biggest environmental differentiation between the groups of males and females was found in the thicknesses of skinfolds, and the smallest in the indices of body proportions and motor skills.
PL
Autor pracy przedstawia sylwetkę Mistrza i Nauczyciela poznańskiej Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego. Współtwórcę polskiej antropologii fizycznej. Człowieka skromnego, oddanego zmysłami i sercem nauce.
EN
The author presents the profile of the Master and Teacher of the Academy of Physical Education in Poznań, the co-founder of Polish physical anthropology, a modest man who dedicated his life to science.
EN
This paper presents the results of a research on the effect of parents’ education and family size on physical development of a 1950-strong sample population of Zielona Góra’s children aged 5 – 14. The study was conducted during the school year of 1996/97 in randomly selected kindergartens and primary schools. The single-variable analysis of the variance confirms the hypothetical effect of the investigated factors on physical development of boys and girls. The results of F-Snedecora test showed that somatic features in boys were most affected by the number of children in a family, while in girls — by mother’s education. The analysis of standardised mean values of the features and the results of comparisons using NIR test show that in the categories of father’s education, mother’s education and family size higher level of physical development is characteristic of boys and girls who do not have any siblings and whose parents have higher or secondary education.
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