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EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION PAPER ON HISTORY OF THE WOMEN´S UNIT OF SOKOL BRNO I (1902–1934)

100%

Strachová M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

2019

tom 67

nr 2

265 - 288

This paper deals with the foundation of the Sokol organization in Brno. However, the main focus is put on the origins of exercise in the Sokol Brno I women´s units that were the biggest and the oldest unions in Moravia. The paper analyses the origins of the emancipation movement of Czech women at the beginning of the 20th century, in relation to two culture centres (Prague and Brno). Among others, it recalls a significant period of Brno’s cultural history before World War 1 from two points of view: the development of physical education and the origins of the Brno women´s movement. Obstacles that often impeded the enforcement of progressive thoughts are depicted. Prague was the leading city of Czech national life in the 19th century. However, it could not become a central point for Moravia due to the distance factor. Therefore, Brno adopted this role, although its situation was more complicated, as its population was mostly German at that time. And the German population did not support the origin of Czech national emancipation. The Sokol movement was not an exception in the process of gradual delimitation mostly against the Germans in progress since 1860 which eventually led to national liberation and independence.

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN SPORTS: RESPONSE TO TEETOTAL MOVEMENT IN BOHEMIAN LANDS

63%

Strachová M. , Vostrý Z.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

2023

tom 71

nr 5

827 - 847

The tradition of temperance movement in the Bohemian lands dates back to the early 20th century. It gained momentum after World War I, which was perceived by the movement as a consequence of the decline and the movement sought to prevent any similar conflicts in the future. Its aim was to solve the issue of alcoholism, which posed a serious social and health problem. The movement was based and relied on the knowledge and current trends coming from Western Europe and the U.S. It found support among professionals and laymen alike, often through the prism of religion. The article discusses the temperance movement in the Bohemian lands in the first half of the 20th century. The article traces the movement’s origins and history – especially its acceptance by education and sports associations, clubs and societies. Special emphasis is put on the Sokol organisation and its diverse temperance activities, which were intended to lead its own members to voluntary sobriety and complete abstinence (teetotalism). Such activities were meant to offer an example for the entire nation. The main emphasis is on the Moravian region, which spearheaded the temperance movement and would influence the rest of the Bohemian lands for a long time. It also considers local conditions and the community-wide support, as well as what the entire movement achieved from the times of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It also looks closely at the interconnectedness and synergies among the various temperance organisations.

OREL VE STÍNU SOKOLSKÝCH KŘÍDEL: PŘÍSPĚVEK K DĚJINÁM KATOLICKÉ TĚLOVÝCHOVNÉ ORGANIZACE

63%

Strachová M. , Vostrý Y.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

2020

tom 68

nr 3

439 – 461

The paper is concerned with the Orel (Eagle) organization in Moravia and Slovakia. It attempts to place Orel in relation to the Sokol (Falcon) organization of Brno. It looks into fields that have been unjustly neglected up to now. The context of the two important gymnastic organizations, which had a liberating influence on a wide range of people, is an important indicator of pluralism in Czech society. The specific feature of the Orel Christian gymnastic organization lay in the enrichment of sport with a religious element. From the point of view of Orel, sport was the not the aim, but only a means for bringing about the sanctification of people. The Orel organization, with a rich history reaching back to the beginning of the 20th century, can be seen to have fallen under the shadow of the broad national Sokol movement. The original mutual aversion of the two most important gymnastic organizations gradually changed under the influence of the sharpening foreign and internal political situation.