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1
Content available remote Helicobacter pylori infection in pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
100%
Thor P. J. , Blaut U.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2006
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
81-90
EN
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refers to the very common and constantly increasing conditions where reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus leads to development of characteristic symptoms. The esophagus, LES and stomach can be envisioned as single functional unit controlled by neuro-hormonal factors. The abnormalities that contribute to GERD can start in any component of this unit, resulting particularly from disturbances in their control system. It is extremely important to identify factors and mechanisms leading to functional failure of this system so that causative therapy can be effectively applied. The key-role has been attributed to parasympathetic dysfunction, which may adversely affect motor activity of this area by increasing transient LES relaxation number and impairing LES pressure, esophageal acid clearance and motility of the proximal stomach. Recently, numerous investigations have been performed to elucidate the role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in GERD pathogenesis with the most concern given to its potency to increase gastric acid secretion. However, it appeared that this infection leads to much more complex changes in gastric mucosa including modification of afferent neural signals and specific gastric hormones release. Plasma ghrelin level is low in subjects infected and increases significantly after eradication. Since ghrelin, beside potency to increase gastric secretion has strong prokinetic action on LES functional unit, this phenomenon together with impaired vagal control may contribute to the Hp infection or eradication - related GERD development. Thus, ghrelin and vagal activity could be the missing links that partially explains relationship between GERD and Hp infection.
2
The brain-gut axis, functional disturbances after vagotomy
100%
Thor P. J. , Herman R. M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2001
|
tom 52
|
nr 2
3
Content available Gastric emptying of liquids in patients with peptic ulcer disease
80%
Herman R. M. , Thor P. J. , Krystyniecki J. , Weisbrodt N. W.
Acta Physiologica Polonica
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1989
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tom 40
|
nr 2
EN
Herman, R. M., Thor, P. J., Krystyniecki, J. and Weisbrodt, N. W.: Gastric emptying of liquids in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1989, 40 .(2): 250-254. This study was designed to determine the rates of gastric emptying of Water, saline and a 20% glucose solution ,in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. In all subjects, gastric emptying was fastest after administration of the saline, slower with water and .the slowest with glucose. Significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) in emptying rates between normal subjects and the group with duodenal ulcer were seen when water and saline but not glucose were used. We conclude that inhibitory effects of the osmotic receptors are not changed in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. However, the emptying rates were higher when osmotic stimulus was withheld.
4
Content available remote Pulsating electromagnetic field stimulation of urothelial cells induces apoptosis and diminishes necrosis: new insight to magnetic therapy in urology
80%
Juszczak K. , Kaszuba-Zwoinska J. , Thor P. J.
|
2012
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
5
Content available remote Functional, histological structure and mastocytes alterations in rat urinary bladders following acute and chronic cyclophosphamide treatment
80%
Juszczak K. , Gil K. , Wyczolkowski M. , Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2010
|
tom 61
|
nr 4
477-482
EN
Neurogenic inflammation is linked to urinary bladder overactivity development. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) damages all mucosal defence lines of urinary bladder and induces cystitis with overactivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of CYP on rat urinary bladder function, histological structure and mastocytes numbers following acute and chronic CYP treatment. Fourty two female rats were divided into four groups: I (control), II (acute cystitis), III (chronic cystitis), IV (sham group). Acute and chronic cystitis were induced by CYP in single dose and four doses (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day), respectively. In group I–III the cystometric evaluation was performed. Sections of the bladder were stained with HE and toluidine blue for the detection of mastocytes. The severity of inflammation was examined according to mucosal abrasion, haemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration and oedema. Acute and chronic CYP treatment caused inflammatory macroscopic and microscopic changes (mucosal abrasion, haemorrhage, oedema) and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in urinary bladder. Acute treatment induced the infiltration of mastocytes within bladder wall contrary to chronic one decrement. Acute treatment caused more severe mucosal abrasion, whereas chronic one revealed more developed haemorrhage changes. Additionally, cystometric evaluation revealed urinary bladder overactivity development in both types of cystitis. Basal pressure and detrusor overactivity index after acute treatment increased considerably in comparison with the increase obtained after chronic one. Our results proved that acute model of CYP-induced cystitis in rats is more credible for further evaluation of neurogenic inflammation response in pathogenesis of overactive bladder as compared to chronic one.
6
Content available Effect of stimulation of the vaagus nerves and vagotomy on myoelectric activity of small bowel
80%
Thor P. J. , Sendur R. , Laskiewicz J.
Acta Physiologica Polonica
|
1989
|
tom 40
|
nr 2
EN
Thor, P. J. Sendur, R. and Laskiewicz, J.: Effect of stimulation of the vagus nerves and vagotomy on myoelectric activity of small bowel. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1989, 40 (2): 255-261. Experiments have been done on conscious dogs (6 animals) to study vagal 'influences on small bowel motility. First group (3 dogs) was prepared with gastric and esophageal fistulas, the second group (3 dogs) with gastric fistulas. Both groups had mono- polar silver electrodes placed along small bowel. Stimulation of vagus with sham feeding (SF) increased MMC period of about 21°/o. Insulin and 2DG infused intravenously increased MMC period at lower dose Tange and in high doses induced fed-like pattern of motility. Supradiaphragmatic vagotomy done in the second group animals does not change significantly fasted as well as fed motility pattern. These data suggest that central and peripheral vagal input is required for inhibition MMC activity and development fed motility pattern.
7
Content available remote Effect of partial and complete blockade of vanilloid (TRPV1-6) and ankyrin (TRPA1) transient receptor potential ion channels on urinary bladder motor activity in an experimental hyperosmolar overactive bladder rat model
80%
Juszczak K. , Ziomber A. , Thor P. J.
|
|
nr 3
EN
The study investigated the mechanisms through which the hyperosmolarity might induce detrusor overactivity (DO). We compared the bladder activity in response to partial and complete blockade of TRPV1-6 and TRPA1 receptors. Experiments were performed on 42 rats. DO was induced by using hyperosmolar saline. All animals were randomly divided into six groups. The measurements represent the average of five bladder micturition cycles. Hyperosmolar saline induced DO. The complete blockade of TRPV1-6 and TRPA1 prevented DO. The partial blockade of TRPV1 didn't prevented DO. In the voiding phase periodical bladder contractions complexes occurred leading to slow urine flow due to bladder distension. Ruthenium red and capsaicin resulted in complete disorganisation of detrusor muscle contractility impairing urine voiding and leading to constantly lasting urine retention in healthy rats. Conclusions: hyperosmolar-induced DO is mediated by TRPV and TRPA1 channels; the hyperosmolar stimuli of urinary bladder might be transmitted mostly via ruthenium red sensitivity pathway.
8
Content available remote Urodynamic effects of the bladder C-fiber afferent activity modulation in chronic model of overactive bladder in rats
80%
Juszczak K. , Ziomber A. , Wyczolkowski M. , Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2009
|
tom 60
|
nr 4
85-91
EN
Previous studies have suggested that, different types of unmyelinated bladder afferent C-fibres, such as capsaicin-sensitive and capsaicin-resistant mediate the voiding reflex in overactive bladder (OAB). Considering its polymodal features, we explored the urodynamic effect of primary afferent neurons modulation on detrusor activity in normal and OAB rats. Experiments were performed on 48 female rats. OAB was induced by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide. All the surgical procedures and urodynamic studies were performed under urethane anaesthesia. Cystometry was done after a 1 h recovery period from the surgical procedure. All animals were randomly divided into six groups: control, chronic OAB, chronic OAB after capsaicin or lidocaine instillation, control capsaicin or lidocaine instillation. The measurements represent the average of five bladder micturition cycles. We analyzed: basal, threshold, micturition voiding pressure; intercontraction interval; compliance; functional bladder capacity; motility index; detrusor overactivity index. We used chronic cyclophosphamide OAB model for further investigations. In healthy rats, intravesical instillation of capsaicin caused complete inhibition of detrusor contractility preventing from proper voiding function of the bladder. Contrary, lidocaine has no influence on micturition cycles in intact animals. Also, intravesical instillation of capsaicin and lidocaine reduced the severity of detrusor overactivity of OAB rats leading to improvement of cystometric parameters.
9
Autonomic regulation of gastric myoelectrical activity in postmenopausal women supplemented with ovarian hormones
80%
Banach T. , Thor P. J. , Milewicz T. , Krzysiek J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2001
|
tom 52
|
nr 2
10
Content available remote The role of sensory C-fibers in response of vagal afferent stimulation by gastric distension in rats with experimental chronic gastric ulcer
80%
Zurowski D. , Dobrek L. , Bugajski A. , Thor P. J.
|
|
nr 2
EN
There is growing evidence that gastric vagal afferent input may contribute to the altered sensations associated with gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of our study was to evaluate gastric vagal afferents (VA) activity in rats with experimental gastric ulcer and ulcer healing. The study was carried out on rats with gastric ulcer (GU), including, a group with perivagal capsaicin pretreatment (CAP), a group with capsaicin administration in gastric ulcer (CAP+GU) animals and control rats. In all rats electrical VA activity was recorded and analysed. In GU rats recordings were carried out in chronic ulcer and ulcer healing. In GU and CAP+GU groups gastric balloon distensions with vagal recording was performed on 3rd day after ulcer induction. Usually, experimental GU healed spontaneously within 2 weeks. Three days after acetic acid application when GU fully develop, the frequency of the basal VA activity was almost 3-times higher than in the control intact rats and remained elevayed until 4th week after ulcer induction. VA response to gastric distension increased concomitantly with increased balloon volume in both GU and control animals, but it was several times higher in GU rats. Perivagal capsaicin application decreased the frequency of spontaneous VA activity and decreased the response of VA to gastric distension. In CAP+GU, spontaneous activity as well as the response to gastric distension were higher than in CAP rats. Our study shows that GU induced inflammatory changes increase sensitivity of gastric VA. Capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent fibers may play some role in this phenomenon. Peripheral sensitization of VA persists even when gastric ulcer is completely healed.
11
Content available remote Exogenous melatonin abolishes mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. The role of the opioid system and benzodiazepine-GABAergic mechanism
71%
Zurowski D. , Nowak L. , Machowska A. , Wordliczek J. , Thor P. J.
|
2012
|
tom 63
|
nr 6
12
Content available remote Melatonin and serotonin effects on gastrointestinal motility
71%
Thor P. J. , Krolczyk G. , Gil K. , Zurowski D. , Nowak L.
|
2007
|
tom 58
|
nr 6
13
The effect of hyperosmolar stimuli and cyclophosphamide on the culture of normal rat urothelial cells in vitro
71%
Juszczak K. , Kaszuba-Zwoinska J. , Chorobik P. , Ziomber A. , Thor P. J.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
|
2012
|
tom 17
|
nr 2
EN
Highly concentrated urine may induce a harmful effect on the urinary bladder. Therefore, we considered osmolarity of the urine as a basic pathomechanism of mucosal damage. The influence of both cyclophosphamide (CYP) and hyperosmolar stimuli (HS) on the urothelium are not well described. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of CYP and HS on rat urothelial cultured cells (RUCC). 15 Wistar rats were used for RUCC preparation. RUCC were exposed to HS (2080 and 3222 mOsm/l NaCl) for 15 min and CYP (1 mg/ml) for 4 hrs. APC-labelled annexin V was used to quantitatively determine the percentage of apoptotic cells and propidium iodide (PI) as a standard flow cytometric viability probe to distinguish necrotic cells from viable ones. Annexin V-APC (+), annexin V-APC and PI (+), and PI (+) cells were analysed as apoptotic, dead, and necrotic cells, respectively. The results were presented in percentage values. The flow cytometric analysis was done on a FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer using Cell-Quest software. Treatment with 2080 and 3222 mOsm/l HS resulted in 23.7 ± 3.9% and 26.0 ± 1.5% apoptotic cells, respectively, 14.3 ± 1.4% and 19.4 ± 2.7% necrotic cells, respectively and 60.5 ± 1.4% and 48.6 ± 5.3% dead cells, respectively. The effect of CYP on RUCC was similar to the effect of HS. After CYP the apoptotic and necrotic cells were 23.1 ± 0.3% and 17.9 ± 7.4%, respectively. The percentage of dead cells was 57.7 ± 10.8%. CYP and HS induced apoptosis and necrosis in RUCC. 3222 mOsm/l HS had the most harmful effect based on the percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells.
14
Content available remote Pulsed electromagnetic field affects intrinsic and endoplasmatic reticulum apoptosis induction pathways in MonoMac6 cell line culture
71%
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J. , Chorobik P. , Juszczak K. , Zaraska W. , Thor P. J.
|
2012
|
tom 63
|
nr 5
15
Content available remote Influence of vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body weight - results of experimental studies
71%
Sobocki J. , Krolczyk G. , Herman R. M. , Matyja A. , Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2005
|
tom 56
|
nr 6
27-33
EN
The paper reviews recent advances in vagal nerve stimulation for the control of food intake and body weight. The vagal nerves are the predominant pathway in the "brain-gut axis" responsible for short term regulation of food intake. Stimulation of afferent vagal traffic attenuates food intake by vagal projections to nucleus tractus solitarius, arcuate nucleus and its convergence’s to thalamic center of satiety. A few studies have been published in this field so far. All of them are consistent and show significant decrease in body mass during vagal stimulation. Due to promising results of experimental studies, clinical trials are expected in the near future.
16
Content available remote Capsaicin induced deafferentiation enhances the effect of electrical vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body mass
70%
Laskiewicz J. , Krolczyk G. , Zurowski D. , Enck P. , Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2004
|
tom 55
|
nr 1,2
EN
Study was based on hypothesis that electrical stimulation (ES) with parameters obtained from analysis of vagal afferent discharge fed state may fake brain with satiety state. We evaluated effect of denervation of vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferents on food intake and body weight in rats with ES of vagal nerves using microchip (MC). Group A was scheduled to MC implantation, B to sham operation only, C to MC implantation and capsaicin vagal deafferentation, and D to capsaicin denervation only. ES lasted 24 days. MC parameters were 0.05Hz, 0.1s, 0.55V. ES of left vagus significantly reduced total food intake as well as the mean daily intake in groups A and C in comparison to control and D group (ANOVA, F=18.55, p=0.0038). Body weight was lower in group A (346,2 g) and C (272,7 g) then in control (381,4 g) and D (356,8 g) (F=25.68, p=0.00068). Leptin decreased in C (165 pg/mL) in comparison to A (625 pg/mL), B (677 pg/mL), and D (612 pg/mL) (p<0,05), mainly due to ES (F=7.27, p=0.019). Glucose was decreased in A (F=5.55, p=0.036) - by 11 % and by 16% in C group. Proper vagal neuromodulation results in central and peripheral effects causing food intake and body weight downregulation.
17
Content available remote Encoding meal in integrated vagal afferent discharge
70%
Krolczyk G. , Zurowski D. , Sobocki J. , Laskiewicz J. , Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2004
|
tom 55
|
nr 1,1
EN
Vagal afferents are integral part of the negative feedback loop induced by constitution and size of food stomach and jejunum. Aim of this study was to assess vagal discharge in response to food and gastric distension in rats. Electrophysiological recordings of vagal afferents in fasted (n=32), fed rats (n=20) and during gastric balloon distension (n=12) were performed. After 60 minutes of fasted nerve recording tube feeding was done. Fasted rats also underwent gastric distension via oesophagus. Vagal afferents discharges were analysed with dual time-amplitude window discriminator. Total vagal afferent discharge in fasted and fed rats revealed 0.3 ± 0.12 vs 0.56 ± 0.22 Hz (p<0.05). We observed two distinct discharge patterns: high amplitude low frequency (HALF) and low amplitude high frequency (LAHF). HALF spikes were observed more frequent in fasted than in fed rats (0.05 ± 0.02 vs. 0.03 ± 0.016 Hz (p<0.05). Conversely LAHF spikes in fed rats predominated over their occurrence in fasted rats: 0.52 ± 0.2 vs. 0.25 ± 0.12 Hz (p<0.05). Left vagal afferents discharge rises with gastric distension of 6, 8 and 10 ml and were: 0.46 ± 0.22 Hz, 0.65 ± 0.31 Hz, 0.86 ± 0.33 Hz (p<0.05) respectively. Similar discharge showed right vagal afferents: 0.41 ± 0.08 Hz, 0.51 ± 0.13 Hz and 0.77 ± 0.27 Hz (p<0.05) for 6, 8 and 10 ml of distension, respectively. We conclude that interdigestive information from gastrointestinal tract is encoded in high amplitude low frequency of spikes pattern in the vagus nerves.
18
The effect of transcutaneous nerve stimulation [TENS] on gastric electrical activity
70%
Furgala A. , Thor P. J. , Kolasinska-Kloch W. , Kopp B. , Laskiewicz J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
|
2001
|
tom 52
|
nr 2
19
Content available remote Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system activity is responsible for gastric myoelectric disturbances in the irritable bowel syndrome patients
61%
Mazur M. , Furgala A. , Jablonski K. , Madroszkiewicz D. , Ciecko-Michalska I. , Bugajski A. , Thor P. J.
|
2007
|
tom 58
|
nr 3
131-139
20
Content available remote Effect of long-term vagal stimulation on food intake and body weight during diet induced obesity in rats
61%
Bugajski A. J. , Gil K. , Ziomber A. , Zurowski D. , Zaraska W. , Thor P. J.
|
2007
|
tom 58
|
nr 1
5-12
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