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ANTROPOLOGICKÁ, PALEODEMOGRAFICKÁ A PALEOPATOLOGICKÁ ANALÝZA HISTORICKEJ POPULÁCIE Z HRADU DEVÍN

100%

Beňuš R. , Masnicová S.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2012

tom 60

nr 1

119 – 156

210 individuals from the 11th – 12th century were analysed, 81 individuals were younger than 20 years, with medium life expectancy determined at 22.0 years, sex was determined in 124 cases (57 men, 67 women). According to anthropometrical characteristics the individuals of both sexes were mesocephalic, body height reaching 167.4 cm for men and 160.4 for women. Of paleopathological lesions, traumatic and developmental lesions were observed, manifestations of physical stress, metabolic diseases (osteoporosis), diseases of teeth and periodontium, neoplastic lesions and manifestations of unspecific stress (cribra orbitalia, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses). All in all, in case of 25.2 % of individuals at least one traumatic lesion was found. Most numerous occurrences included Schmorl´s nodes, fractures of ribs and ferearm bones. Manifestations of interpersonal violence were found only in the case of 8 men. Women had 19.5 % of impression fractures on skull. Based on the analysis of degenerative-productive lesions (osteoarthrosis, spondylosis), enthezopathiae and traumatic lesions, men from this site were involved mainly in agriculture, though there were also craftsmen and soldiers. Women were engaged in heavy manual work in agriculture and domestic works. Condition of teeth, characterised by the intensity of cariosity (I-CE of men 21.7 %; women 30.7 %) and frequency of cariosity (F-CE of men 84.3 %; women 97.5 %), is not markedly different from populations of similar dating in central Europe. Of paleopathological markers of unspecific stress, there were observed cribra orbitalia (25.8 % in the whole population; 28.3 % in non-adult individuals), hypoplasia of tooth enamel (27.5 % in adult population; 11.4 % in non-adult indivi¬duals), and inflammatory processes in paranasal sinuses (14.3 % of population). As for the developmental defects, there was most frequent occurrence of spina bifida occulta (23.9 %), and in one individual the congenital luxation in hip joint. Tumour diseases were most often represented by benign (“button”) osteoma found in six individuals. In case of one adult woman lesions were identified on the left pelvic bone, probably caused by carcinoid of endocrine cells in large intestine. Five women had significantly decreased values of the amount of cortical as well as trabecular bone, and one of them displayed values of marked osteoporosis.

REKONŠTRUKCIA PODOBY TVÁRE MUŽA A ŽENY ZO STARŠEJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ

80%

Masnicová S. , Miklíková Z. , Beňuš R.

Študijné zvesti

2010

nr 48

81 - 89

The article deals with a reconstruction of face from skulls of two adults – a middle-aged man from grave 80 and a young woman from grave 234 at the cemetery in Pata. The reconstruction drew on data acquired from osteological study. Drawings were made at two levels: norma frontalis (en face) and norma lateralis sinistra – for the man, norma frontalis (en face) and norma lateralis dextra – for the woman. The comparison of the recorded values of morphological and metric features of both individuals with average values recorded for the whole set indicates that typologically the man and the woman are typical representatives of the population which buried at the cemetery in Pata in the Early Bronze Age. The results of the anthropological study showed that morphologically it was a relatively homogeneous group of people. The recorded anthropological indexes, which generally characterise the proportionality of the body, sex and the affiliation of the individual to a certain morphological type, indicate that both man and woman from the cemetery belonged to the so-called robust leptodolichomorfs or “nordics” with long and narrow skulls. The drawn facial reconstructions and results of anthropological study in Pata add to our picture of the carriers of the Únětice culture, which is also spread on the territory of south-western Slovakia. The drawing reconstructions are to a certain extent influenced by the artistic creativity of their author, yet they were made on the basis of scientific data and render essential morphological features of the peoples of the Únětice culture.