Medieval Philosophy was shaped by Christian doctrine. The convictions of the existence of God and its influence on the world were not challenged. Atheism, understood as a philosophical vision of the world which denies a possibility of the existence of Christian God i.e. personal and transcendent being, appeared in the Modern Age. However we can indicate at least two thinkers whose systems were in conflict with Christian thought. David of Dinant and Amalric of Bene preached pantheistic views, identifying God with the fullness of reality. Thus they anticipated the modern, initiated by Spinoza, return to the Stoic philosophy of pantheism.
This paper analyzes the concept of 'liberum arbitrium' in the philosophy of Augustine, Anselm and Thomas Aquinas. It underlines their compatibilist connection between the freedom of choice and deterministic factors. Each of them has defended liberum arbitrium, being aware of the potential difficulties related to God’s influence on human fate.
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Artykuł analizuje koncepcje liberum arbitrium w filozofii Augustyna, Anzelma i Tomasza z Akwinu. Wskazuje na kompatybilistyczne łączenie przez nich wolności wyboru z istnieniem czynników deterministycznych. Każdy z nich bronił liberum arbitrium, dostrzegając potencjalne trudności związane z wpływem Boga na losy człowieka.
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This paper shows one of the important philosophical current of modern "resolution of the mind". Philosophical ideas of Locke, Hume and Hobbes were caused modern and contemporary change of paradigm from theistic to atheistic and agnostic.Theistic claims, even if were affirmed by these thinkers, were not consequences of their pfilosophical thesis. Sensualism and materialism, idnicated as natural starting point for philosophy, became ideological basis for period of radical critique of religion and atheism.
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