Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Effects of in vitro conditions and in vivo thermal adaptation on viability of the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) coelomocytes

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Stankiewicz A. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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1998

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tom 46

183-188

EN

Coelomocytes of E. fetida were extruded from earthworms immersed for 1 minute in fluid and treated either with an electric shock (5V) or 5% ethanol. The two methods were equally efficient with regard to the number and viability of coelomocytes retrieved and did not affect animal survival. Cell viability was not affected by short contact with the extrusion fluids of wide ranges of osmolarities (10-1600 mOsm) and pH (3-11). In contrast, extreme pH (especially 11) and osmolarities (especially 22 and 600 mOsm) impaired cell viability during a few hours of in vitro incubation. Cell survival was best in L-15 medium at the neutral pH and at the osmolarity characteristic for terrestrial animals (285-320 mOsm). Coelomocyte viability after 7 hr in vitro incubation at 0, 10, 22, and 37oC was always the lowest at 37oC. Cells extruded from animals maintained at room temperature were the best vital at 22oC. Viability of the cells transferred from 22oC to 10oC for one week only was best at 10oC and equally good at 0oC and 22oC. In vitro viability of cells retrieved from earthworms maintained at 10oC for 2 or 3 weeks was significantly higher at 10oC and 0oC than at 22oC. This indicates that a relatively long-lasting (more than one week) in vivo adaptation to cold is necessary to improve coelomocyte viability at low temperatures.

2

Stress and immunity: minireview.

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Plytycz B. , Seljelid R.

Folia Biologica

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2002

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tom 50

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nr 3-4

181-189

EN

Stress, a state of threatened homeostasis, may be induced by various physical or psychological factors (stressors), including antigenic stimulation. Stressful experiences may affect both physical/psychological well being and immune functioning of humans and animals; the ongoing immune reaction may affect other physiological functions and psychological comfort. The molecular basis of these effects involves a network of multidirectional signalling and feedback regulations of neuroendocrine- and immunocyte-derived mediators. The consecutive stages of the multistep immune reactions might be either inhibited or enhanced owing to the previous and/or parallel stress experiences, depending on the kind of stressor and the animal species, strain, gender, or age. Therefore, the final results of stress-induced alteration of immune reactions are difficult to predict. The effect of a particular stressor on immune functions varies according to the previous stress experience of the individual (e.g. social confrontation, sterile saline injection) while various stressors may act in the same or in opposite ways on the same immune parameter. In general, the efficacy of immune response depends on the neuroendocrine environment on which it is superimposed. Conversely, neural and endocrine responses depend on the concurrent immune events upon which they are superimposed. It seems that the consequences of stress on the immune functioning are generally adaptive in the short run but can be damaging when stress is chronic.

3

From inflammation to sickness: historical perspective

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Plytycz B. , Seljelid R.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 2

105-109

EN

The concept of four cardinal signs of acute inflammation comes from antiquity as rubor et tumor cum calore et dolore, extended later by functio laesa (redness and swelling with heat and pain, extended later by loss of function). The contemporary understanding of this process we owe to nineteen-century milestone discoveries by Rudof Virchow, Julius Cohnheim, and Elie Metchnikoff. In twentieth century, the development of potent technological tools allowed the rapid expansion of knowledge of cells and mediators of inflammatory processes, and molecular mechanisms of their interactions. It turned out that some mediators of inflammation have both local and distant targets, among them the liver (responding by production of several acute phase reactants) and neurohormonal centres. In the last decades it has become clear that the immune system shares mediators and their receptors with the neurohormonal system of the body; thus they form a common homeostatic entity. Such an integrative view, introduced by J.Edwin Blalock, when combined with Hans Selye?s concept of stress, led to the contemporary understanding of sickness behaviour, defined by Robert Dantzer as a highly organised strategy of the organism to fight infections and to respond to other environmental stressors.

4

Nitric oxide production by cells infiltrating amphibian skin grafts. j

100%

Jozkowicz A. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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1997

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tom 45

73-78

EN

In vivo injection of the edible frog Rana esculenta with NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA caused prolongation of skin allograft and xenograft viability, statistically significant only in the latter case. In the present studies skin allo- and xenografts at the latent or rejection phase were excised from the hosts (Bufo bufo, R. temporaria, and R. esculenta) and incubated in vitro for 24 hrs in a medium only or in the presence of competitive (L-NMMA, L-NAME, L-aminoguanidyne) and noncompetitive (dexamethasone and cycloheximide) inhibitors of NO synthesis. In some experiments graft infiltrating cells were washed out and cultured separately from the respective skin fragments. The nitrite level was measured in the culture supernatant using Griess reagent. The nitrite level was negligible in the control skins, autografts, and xenografts depleted of graft infiltrating cells, as well as in allo- and xenografts excised at the rejection phase. In the case of grafts excised at the latent phase, the nitrite amount was substantial in supernatant from allografts and significantly higher in xenografts. A high level of nitrite was also present in supernatants from graft infiltrating cells. It is concluded that the NO contributes to some stages of the rejection process of the anuran skin grafts, this contribution being especially significant in the case of xenografts. The main source of this agent are graft infiltrating phagocytic cells.

5

Day/night food consumption in mice is strain and age-dependent

80%

Kowal M. , Buda-Lewandowska D. , Plytycz B. , Styrna J.

Folia Biologica

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2002

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tom 50

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nr 1-2

1-3

EN

Food consumption was measured during the day (lights on) and the night (lights off) and compared between one outbred and 9 inbred strains of mice (CBA/Kw, C3H, DBA2, KP, BALB/c, C57BL, B10.Amst , B10.BR, B10.BR Y-del) in age groups 30-60, 60-90, 90-120, and more than 120 days. Outbred mice and animals from B10 sublines ate significantly more during nocturnal darkness. Day and night food consumption was similar in KP animals. In mice from the remaining strains there was an apparent age-related shift from nocturnal towards diurnal eating habits.

6

Long-lasting effects of social stress on peritoneal inflammation in some strains of mice

80%

Scislowska-Czarnecka A. , Chadzinska M. , Pierzchala-Koziec K. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1-2

97-104

EN

Adult male mice were kept for one week either one or four animals per cage. Some were maintained under the same social conditions for an additional 9 days (controls); their counterparts were either grouped (4 per cage) or isolated (1 per cage). Changes in housing conditions caused a significant increase of plasma corticosterone measured 30 minutes after separation or grouping of SWISS, C57C3H, and BALB/c but not of C57BL/6 mice. Peritoneal inflammation was induced by i.p. zymosan injection on day 9 after changes in housing conditions when corticosterone was again at its initial level in each group. Peritonitis-connected pain symptoms, exudatory PMN numbers, and cytokine (IL-1_ and MPC-1) and corticosterone levels were compared between animals living in stable social conditions with those shifted 9 days earlier from separation to the group or vice versa. These factors were unaffected by social stress in C57BL/6 mice and in SWISS animals transferred from the group to isolation. In all other instances at least two parameters were significantly different in the post-stressed and control animals, being either enhanced or inhibited. In conclusion, social stress had long-term consequences on the course of inflammation in three out of four investigated strains of mice.

7

Depletion of head kidney neutrophils and cells with basophilic granules during peritoneal inflammation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

80%

Bielek E. , Bigaj J. , Chadzinska M. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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1999

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tom 47

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nr 1-2

33-42

EN

The head kidney morphology of the goldfish with the experimental peritoneal inflammation (on day 2 after i.p. injection with sterile 3% Thioglycollate) is compared with that in the control fish (i.e. on day 2 after i.p. injection with a strile physiological saline PBS) with special emphasis on identification of granulocytes on semithin and consecutive ultrathin sections. The most striking feature of head kidneys of goldfish in the course of peritoneal inflammation is a severe depletion of mature neutrophils and cells with basophilic granules (basophils/mast cells). These observations suggest the involvement of the head kidney, the main hematopoietic organ of teleosts, in the inflammatory process.

8

Analysis of peritoneal and head kidney phagocytes during Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal inflammation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

80%

Gruca P. , Chadzinska M. , Lackowska B. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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1996

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tom 44

137-142

EN

Intraperitoneal injection of goldfish with Thioglycollate induced an acute peritoneal inflammation connected with an influx of leucocytes. The number and some properties (migratory activity, PMA-induced chemiluminescence) of leucocytes were analysed in parallel in suspensions of peritoneal and head kidney (HK) leucocytes. It was found that the increased number of peritoneal large granular cells corresponds with the decreased number of such leucocytes in HK. Moreover, the enhancement of migratory and chemiluminescent activity of peritoneal leucocytes corresponds with the inhibition of these activities in head kidney cells. The results strongly indicate that the head kidney, the major lymphomyeloid organ of teleosts, is the main source of leucocytes inhabiting the peritoneal cavity following induction of an acute inflammation.

9

Quantification of airborne birch (Betula sp .)pollen grains and allergens in Krakow

71%

Madeja J. , Wypasek E. , Plytycz B. , Sarapata K. , Harmata K.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 2

169-174

EN

Birch (Betula sp.) pollen grains are the main cause of seasonal allergies in northern and central Europe. The allergen particles released from the grains are often well distributed in the air. Due to their size, airborne protein particles can easily penetrate into the lower parts of the respiratory airways and may lead to symptoms of asthma. The purpose of this paper was to quantify both Betula sp. pollen grains and allergens in the air. Materials for the investigation were collected in the spring of 2003 with two Hirst-type pollen volumetric traps. Tapes from one trap served for routine birch pollen grain counts, while those from the second for the immunodetection of birch allergens. As birch pollen allergen concentration is seen as dark spots on X-ray films densitometric measurements of the spots were used to quantify birch-pollen antigen concentrations in the air. In most instances, birch pollen counts corresponded with birch pollen allergen levels. However, on several occasions outside the pollen season, only grains or only allergens were detected. Apart from sampling variability, this could be due to faulty/dead pollen grains or submicronic airborne allergen particles. Counting intact pollen grains and antibody-based detection of allergen molecules are efficient tools in controlled allergen avoidance.

10

Effects of macrophage depletion on peritoneal inflammation in swiss mice, edible frogs and goldfish

71%

Chadzinska M. , Kolaczkowska E. , Scislowska-Czarnecka A. , Van_ R. N. , Plytycz B.

Folia Biologica

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 3-4

225-231

EN

SWISS mice, edible frogs and goldfish i.p. injected with zymosan (Z groups) develop peritoneal inflammation connected with a massive intraperitoneal accumulation of leukocytes, which is significantly diminished in mice and fish (but not frogs) by supplementation of zymosan with morphine (ZM groups). In order to check the putative role of resident peritoneal macrophages in morphine-modulated zymosan-induced peritonitis, some animals were depleted of resident macrophages by repeated i.p. injections of clodronate-liposomes (CL) followed by Z or ZMinjection. In SWISS mice such CL-induced removal of Mac-3-positive cells (macrophages) resulted in an enhanced influx and prolonged accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in CL-Z and CL-ZM groups in comparison with their counterparts with intact macrophages. Nevertheless, supplementation of zymosan with morphine inhibited the early stages of peritonitis in CL-treated animals as it did in untreated mice. This indicates that intact peritoneal macrophages of SWISS mice are important for limiting PMN accumulation, perhaps mainly through the release of IL-10, but are not critical for the induction of anti-inflammatory effects of morphine during the early stages of peritonitis. Unexpectedly, macrophage depletion in CL-treated frogs and fish resulted in a lack of a typical peritonitis in both Z and ZM groups of these ectothermic animals.