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LIMITY RAWLSOVHO PRÍSTUPU K TEÓRII SPRAVODLIVOSTI V KONCEPCIÁCH EVY F. KITTAYOVEJ A MARTHY C. NUSSBAUMOVEJ

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Siegel L.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

2019

tom 74

nr 7

543 – 555

In this article, we will analyse the limits of rationalist contract theories, such as Rawl’s theory of justice. The understanding of autonomy and human dignity based on the idea of a rational and self-determining subject that is aware of his interests, rights and can cooperate rationally is not sufficient as a foundation for defining the social rights and specific rights of minorities (persons with disabilities, elderly citizens, or children). Ethics of care outlined by Eva F. Kittay and capability approach described by Martha C. Nussbaum offers a critical reflection on this conventional approach to justice. The focus of submitted reflections is the characterization of a shift from Kant´s idea of an autonomous person and a liberal idea of useful mutual reciprocity of individuals (J. Rawls) towards Aristotelian essentialism, which extends the concept of a subject concerning justice. This extension includes ill people, elderly citizens and people with disabilities (E. F. Kittay, M. C. Nussbaum).

Technology and disability. The enrichment of human rights

100%

Siegel L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2019

tom z. 140

317--325

Our primary aim is to analyze the impacts of technology on people with disability. Persons with a disability can be encouraged to fully engage in society by using specific types of technology (medical devices that target particular limitations). Many experts argue that medical exoskeletons or wheelchairs with motorized stand-up function provide people with severe disabilities with new possibilities. Impact of these opportunities is enormous and they directly influence the quality of life. Philosophers Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum in their "capability approach" assume that any form of impact that enables a person to pursue what they deem as essential influences quality of their life. Similarly, Eva Feder Kittay (philosopher) argues that care for the elderly, disabled, or children is crucial for any society. These authors will provide a philosophical basis for our arguments for the enrichment of human rights through technology for persons with disabilities.

The restrictions of human rights –covid-19 pandemic and ethical issues

100%

Siegel L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2021

tom z. 154

281--289

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze some of the most significant ethical and human rights impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis aims to demonstrate the failures of many political decision that lead to restriction and limitation of human rights Design/methodology/approach: We analyze various documents, reports and news articles that provide essential information about the different governmental restrictions that may lead to controversial human rights issues. We also use some philosophical texts to support our theoretical basis for the defence of human rights. Overall, we aim to find some of the groups that were vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic and describe some of the human rights concerns and ethical issues. Social implications: We hope that our article will impact political regulations and restrictions that can have severe human rights implications. We also hope to inspire citizens, scientists and politicians to uphold and protect human rights and dignity during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: In our article, we have found that many countries had problems with creating rules, restriction and regulations that are upholding and protecting human rights or did not have ethical implications. We have also found that many vulnerable groups were disadvantaged because regulations did not take into account their precarious position. Originality/value: We have analyzed the ongoing ethical and human rights problems with the COVID-19 pandemic because we believe that they present some of the most fundamental challenges to our society. Our analysis tries to demonstrate some of the most fundamental human rights issues and proposes to address these issues to avoid any future failures.