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2 Journal of Sustainable Mining

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Seismic activity and flooding of hard coal mines in the Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield

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Konicek P. , Jirankova E. , Kajzar V. , Schreiber J. , Malucha P. , Schuchova K.

tom Vol. 21, iss. 4

249--260

The termination of mining activities often results in post-mining problems and risks. One of these issues is the flooding of mines. Long-term mining in the Ostrava and Petrvald sub-basins in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin finished in 1994. Tens of coal seams were mined here, and the depth of mining reached more than 1000 m below the surface. Flooding of the Ostrava sub-basin started in 1994. The Ostrava and Petrvald sub-basins were flooded from one half only to prevent water from flooding into the Karvina sub-basin, where mining continued. The continual pumping of water has been carried out ever since. Only low-energy seismic events (up to 103 J) were recorded during the periods of flooding and water pumping. Only one high-energy seismic event was recorded here (108 J, magnitude of 3.5, 12 December 2017). This study presents the natural and mining conditions regarding the process of mine flooding; and the induced seismicity registered during the flooding of mines and the preservation of water at the stated level. Analysis of the flooding of mines in connection to the registered seismicity is presented. Probable reasons for the low seismic activity during the flooding of mines are also discussed.

European feedback on post-mining seismicity

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Contrucci I. , Namjesnik D. , Niemz P. , Primo P. , Kotyrba A. , Mutke G. , Konicek P. , Dominique P. , Rudolph T. , Möllerherm S. , Kinscher J. , Klein E. , Cesca S.

tom Vol. 22. iss. 3

195--218

Following the Paris Agreement adopted in 2015, Europe has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the abandonment of coal as an energy source, both in terms of consumption and production, will lead to the closure of many mines in the years to come. Mine closure guidelines to manage residual mining risks already exist in European countries. However, they do not include post-mining seismic risk management due to a lack of sufﬁcient studies and knowledge on this subject. After mining closure, the ﬂooding of the mining works leads to hydromechanical loading of the underground and, in the longer term, to diffusion and an increase in the pore pressure. These conditions can lead, in certain situations, to the reactivation of tectonic faults, which may cause seismic events strong enough to be felt on the surface or even produce damage. Events of lower magnitudes, usually attributed to the remobilization of old mining works, are referred to as post-mining seismic hazards. The European RFCS PostMinQuake project, which started in 2020, aims to study this hazard at ﬁve mining basins located in France, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, known to have experienced signiﬁcant seismicity during their operation. This analysis, based on the feedback of the partners of the project, aims to frame an inventory of the ﬁve studied mining basins, which all encounter post-mining seismicity problem today. Three basins out of ﬁve show events with local magnitudes of the order of 3-3.5, which took place between nine and thirteen years after the closure of the mines. Even though the magnitudes of these earthquakes are small to moderate, they are felt on the surface as they occur at shallow depths. In all of the considered countries, a national seismological network exists, however, none of them is fully dedicated to post-mining seismic monitoring. These networks generally consist of a sparse mesh of stations, which does not allow the detection of events of magnitude less than 1 and the location of events have high spatial uncertainties. France is not an exception, but it relies on microseismic monitoring to detect early signs of instability at the level of mining structures and to anticipate the possible appearance of surface disorders. Out of the ﬁve basins that are studied, the Gardanne basin, which has been monitored since 2008, is the most documented case study of post-mining seismicity. This article also shows the difﬁculty in identifying the key conditions and factors that can lead to the remobilization of faults.