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3 Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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Photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves of wheat plants supplied with silicon and infected with Pyricularia oryzae

100%

Rios J. A. , Rodrigues F. A. , Debona D. , Silva L. C.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2014

tom 36

nr 02

Photosynthetic gas exchange in the leaves of wheat plants growing in a nutrient solution containing 0 or 2 mM silicon (Si) and inoculated with Pyricularia oryzae was investigated. The blast severity, the gas exchange parameters such as net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), internal CO₂ concentration (Cᵢ) and transpiration rate (E) and the concentration of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) were determined. The blast severity was reduced by 67.66 % on +Si plants compared with the -Si plants. There were significant increases of 29.3, 17.7 and 45 % for A at 48, 72 and 96 h after inoculation (hai); 26.7 and 49 % for gs at 48 and 96 hai; and 25.2 and 31.4 % for E at 48 and 96 hai, respectively, for +Si inoculated plants when compared with the -Si inoculated plants. The Cᵢ was significantly lower for +Si inoculated plants than for -Si inoculated plants at 48, 72 and 96 hai. For inoculated plants, the concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly higher for the +Si plants compared with the -Si plants at 72 and 96 hai. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the supply of Si to the wheat plants was associated with lower blast severity in parallel with improved gas exchange performance, resulting in higher energy for mounting successful defense strategies against P. oryzae infection.

Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean to white mold affected by manganese phosphite and fluazinam

88%

Novaes M. I. C. , Debona D. , Fagundes-Nacarath I. R. F. , Bras V. V. , Rodrigues F. A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2019

tom 41

nr 12

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most important diseases affecting soybean and its control has been difficult to achieve. This study aimed to investigate the potential of manganese (Mn) phosphite and fluazinam in protecting soybean plants against S. sclerotiorum infection by examining the photosynthetic performance (leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters), activities of defense enzymes [chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] as well as those related to the antioxidant metabolism (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide (O₂⁻), and malondialdehyde (MDA). White mold development was completely inhibited by fluazinam. Soybean metabolism was not changed by fluazinam. White mold severity was significantly reduced on plants sprayed with Mn phosphite, which showed a better photosynthetic performance than the non-sprayed plants. Mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum was inhibited by Mn phosphite. Activities of CAT, POX, and SOD decreased while CHI, GLU, and PAL activities increased at 96 hai for Mn phosphite-sprayed plants compared to non-sprayed plants. In conclusion, Mn phosphite affected white mold development and pathogen-induced physiological impairments in soybean leaflets due to its dual mode of action.

Phosphites attenuate Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-induced physiological impairments in common bean

88%

Fagundes-Nacarath I. R. F. , Debona D. , Bras V. V. , Silveira P. R. , Rodrigues F. A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

2018

tom 40

nr 11