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1

Wplyw uzytkowania na wartosc ekologiczna srodladowych lak halofilnych

100%

Piernik A. , Hulisz P. , Nienartowicz A.

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2005

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tom 507

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nr 2

415-423

PL

Badania prowadzono na naturalnych łąkach słonych: w dolinie rzeki Zgłowiączki na Kujawach, oraz k. Pyzdr w Wielkopolsce. Przyczyną zasolenia tych terenów jest ascenzja wód mineralnych, kontaktujących się z cechsztyńskimi strukturami solnymi, do poziomu wód gruntowych. Pomimo zróżnicowanego poziomu i rodzaju zasolenia gleb stwierdzono podobny skład gatunkowy halofitów i występowanie podobnych zespołów roślinności słonolubnej. Na obu badanych obiektach największą powierzchnię zajmowały słone łąki ze świbką morską i miecznikiem nadmorskim (Triglochino-Glaucetum maritimae). Zwykle były one użytkowane jako łąki kośne. Na terenach wyłączonych z użytkowania obserwowano zarastanie siedliska trzciną (Phragmites australis), które w efekcie prowadziło do obniżenia wartości użytkowej łąk. Udział trzciny pospolitej był tu 2-4-krotnie większy niż na powierzchniach koszonych. Szansą na zachowanie bogactwa gatunkowego i wartości użytkowej tych siedlisk jest wdrażanie do praktyki zaleceń, dotyczących ochrony solnisk śródlądowych, zawartych w Poradnikach ochrony siedlisk i gatunków NATURA 2000 [Herbich 2004].

EN

The studies were carried out on natural saline meadows: in the valley of the Zgłowiączka river in the Kujawy region and in the surroundings of Pyzdry town in the Wielkopolska region. There are soils affected by the saline ground waters and springs in contact with the Zechstein rock salt. Although both investigated areas differ in the level and type of salinity the same halophytic plant species and the same plant associations were noted. Triglochino-Glaucetum maritimae association took the largest areas of these meadows. This type of meadow was usually used for mowing. The abandoned parts were overgrown by Phragmites australis which results in the lower value of hay. The share of Phragmites australis in the abandoned places was 2-4 times higher than on mown parts of the meadows. The recommendations from the guides for protection of habitats and species NATURA 2000 [Herbich 2004] should be put into the practice to keep species richness and ecological value of these rare inland saline habitats.

2

Metabolic potential of microorganisms associated with the halophyte Aster tripolium L. in saline soils

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Szymanska S. , Piernik A. , Hrynkiewicz K.

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tom 18

EN

Increased soil salinization may be caused by a natural (e.g. climate change) and anthropogenic (e.g. improper fertilization and irrigation of agricultural land) factors. The submitted work assumes that microorganisms associated with plant halophytes have a unique metabolic properties that can stimulate plant growth under salt stress. The aim of the study was to determine the abundance and metabolic biodiversity of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms co-existing with Aster tripolium L. and compare them with the properties of soil microorganisms not affected by plant roots at a salty meadows in the vicinity of a soda factory (central Poland). In order to select halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms culture medium was enriched with various concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 mM NaCl). Total metabolic activity of endophytic, rhizosphere and soil populations was measured to compare the community-level physiological profiles. Results of our study revealed that bacterial and fungal density increased in the following order: endophytes < soil < rhizosphere. Only the highest concentration (600 mM) of NaCl decreased the number of microorganisms. The highest total microbial metabolic activity was observed for the rhizosphere, while the activity of endophytes was higher compare to soil populations. To carbon sources which significantly differentiated zones belonged: D-lactose, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and L-asparagine. The results are preliminary studies leading to the development of inoculum based on selected microbial halotolerant and halophilic strains which can be used in agriculture and/or recultivation of saline soils.

3

Meadow species in the early stages of succession on the ash settler of power plant EDF Torun SA in Torun, Poland

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Jasionkowski R. , Wojciechowska A. , Kaminski D. , Piernik A.

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tom 23

EN

The paper is to present the trends of typical species of meadow habitats to colonize the frontier habitats. The area of research is the fly-ash landfills in the power plant EDF Toruń SA in Toruń. Several times, during the year mix of fly-ashes and slug, resulting from the combustion of coal, is transported by pipeline and this is mixed with water. Floristic research was conducted twice: in 2013 and 2015 year. Within an area of about 7 hectares 84 species of vascular plants (43 species in 2013 and 61 in 2015) were inventoried including 14 characteristic species of meadows. The presence of these species disturbed strong evidence of a wide ecological range and adaptations to survive adverse conditions of habitats. The results demonstrate that meadow species as Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Poa annua, Rumex acetosa and Taraxacum officinale, Poa trivialis and Viccia cracca can be helpful in restoration of fly-ash landfills.

4

Development of forests in the former heathland landscape: changes in the habitat quality, structure of undergrowth, syntaxonomy of phytocoenoses and modern pollen deposition

75%

Deptula M. , Filbrandt-Czaja A. , Nienartowicz A. , Kaminski D. , Adamska E. , Piernik A. , Lewandowska-Czarnecka A.

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tom 29

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nr 2

EN

This study presents changes in the quality of habitats between 1926 and 2013 in permanent units of forest division restored in the 19th century as a result of afforestation carried out in the landscape dominated by heaths and xerothermic grasslands. The research was conducted in the Zaborski Landscape Park, located in the north-western part of the Tuchola Forest − one of the largest forest complexes in Poland. Changes in the habitat quality were determined based on data included in seven consecutive inventory books. Assessment according to the 5-point quality scale was performed on the basis of average height reached by a pine forest stand of a certain age occurring in particular forest subsections. It has been found that the quality of habitat increased over 87 years by two classes, on average from IV to II. The number of species, especially deciduous trees and shrubs listed in inventory books, was an additional parameter expressing the habitat quality. The extent of habitat changes was also determined based on the types of syntaxa, which are represented by relevés forming the time series and made more or less at the same sites by different authors in 1961, 2002 and 2013, i.e. over the period of 52 years. Temporal changes in the structure of phytocoenoses and their syntaxonomic affiliation were determined using the classification and ordination methods. It has been found that in the study area and within the studied time horizon, there was a recession of dry coniferous forest which developed towards mesic (fresh) pine forests. Whereas within the fresh coniferous forest, there were transitions from the poor cladonietosum variant to the mesotrophic typicum variant, or from the typicum variant towards the fertile variant with a large contribution of Fagus sylvatica in the main tree layer and undergrowth. A change in the forest type from a pine monoculture to mixed pine-beech forest was also reflected in the spectrum of modern pollen deposition collected after annual exposures of Tauber traps. In this case, the observations were performed by the same research team over 15 years.

5

Modern pollen rain in heathlands and adjacent forest phytocoenoses in Northern and Central Poland

75%

Nienartowicz A. , Filbrandt-Czaja A. , Piernik A. , Jablonski P. , Kunz M. , Deptula M.

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tom 15

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nr 1

EN

Differences between modern pollen rains in three types of phytocoenoses were studied in two regions, i.e. Tuchola Forest and Toruń Basin. The phytocoenoses in question were heaths, young pine-birch growths and mature pine tree stands, which form a temporal sequence and spatial mosaic in the landscape. In order to compare the structure of pollen samples, phytocoenoses and the landscape, the methods of numerical taxonomy were applied. An increase in the average number of sporomorphs was recorded, as well as in the taxonomic diversity of the pollen spectrum in this temporal sequence arranged from non-forest communities through young growths to mature forests. In the subsequent developmental stages, also the percentage contribution of Pinus pollen increased, as well as the total contribution of arboreal pollen (AP). The increase in the percentage contribution of arboreal pollen is accompanied by the decrease in the contribution of non-arboreal pollen (NAP), including Calluna and Ericaceae. Also a small increase in the number of species was observed. With the increased pine domination, however, the diversity of pollen types (expressed by rarefaction and Shannon-Wiener indices) decreases. As a result of the performed analyses, it was also found that the species composition of phytocoenoses and a pollen spectrum differs considerably, because the import of pollen from further areas exerts a significant influence on the structure of a palynological sample. The genus Calluna is the only type of plants characterized by a strong relationship between the occurrence in a phytocoenosis and in a surface pollen sample. Similarity between the taxa composition of a pollen spectrum and the landscape structure, consisting of a mosaic of phytocoenoses, seems to be higher than between a pollen sample and a phytocoenosis from which that sample was collected. The latter thesis, however, needs to be confirmed by further researches.

6

Halophytes as components of lawns under different soil salinity and human impact in the health resort “Ciechocinek”

75%

Nienartowicz A. , Piernik A. , Marcykiewicz J. , Lis M. , Kunz M. , Viglia S.

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tom 14

EN

The comparison was performed on the flora of lawns located in the vicinity of three brine concentration towers in the Spa Park in the town of Ciechocinek. It was found that a different level of saline water inflow into the soil and a different use of these lawns are the main causes of the observed differences in the number and the species composition of halophytes and glycophytes. The possibility of determining the differences in the intensity of human impact on the studied systems was discussed, as well as the value of the Environmental Sustainability Index was determined through emergy analysis. Energy flow diagrams were prepared for two basic greenery management methods and salt production, which best differentiates the flora of the studied lawns.