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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2 2023

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MELČICE-LIESKOVÉ I – IV. ZHROMAŽDIŠTIA BRONZOVÝCH PREDMETOV Z BIELYCH KARPÁT

100%

Ondrkál F.

nr 2

287 – 314

Western part of the Carpathian Mountains is characterized by a high level of metalworking during the Late Bronze Age (app. 1325 – 1050 BC), with characteristic shapes and decorations, and some exceptional finds of bronzes. Readings of data on mass metal deposition by the Nordic and Anglo-Saxon models of conceptual thought usually associate the selective deposition of Bronze Age metals with regular votive offerings by the population. However, if votive deposition were a common practice in the Urnfield culture, one would expect such hoards to be distributed chronologically more evenly and on a wider geographical scale. The Melčice-Lieskové I (BD/HA1; app. 1225 – 1175 BC) and Melčice-Lieskové II – IV (HB1a; app. 1075 – 1025 BC) hoards – using an extensive typological protocol and a rationalized documentary base – testify to wave, episodic and the regional nature of hoards in the central area of the White Carpathians as a reaction to specific social and political events, such as military operations or other conflicts. Hoards even contain items inherited for generations, with morphological features based on different technological-typological principles. Not only did they reflect the brutal struggles of the time, but they also witnessed the politics, economy, and culture of the Lusatian and Middle Danubian Urnfields, connecting the specifics of historical cases to broader social mechanisms previously recorded in global episodes of change and innovation across time and space.

NEJSTARŠÍ BRÝLOVITÉ ZÁVĚSKY A DALŠÍ HONOSNÉ TYPY ŠPERKŮ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ

63%

Peška J. , Ondrkál F.

nr 2

189 - 233

Standardized spiral pendants and Stollhof-Csáford type phalerae are the most distinctive metal jewellery of Central European Early Metallic Age. In particular, the massive spectacle pendants of the Malé Leváre type occupy an important position in the systematics trying to reconstruct the origin and transmission of the universal design of this type of jewellery in the period of the 5th and 4th millennia BC in Western Eurasia. This study maps their cultural-historical, chronological, metrical or paleometallurgical data, allowing a diachronic as well as a synchronic view in the light of contemporary issues. The study presents an updated typological assessment and knowledge gathered over a century of archaeological research, newly supplemented with specimens from Beluša, Bzenec, Ivanovce, Krnov, Rajec, Rousínov, Trenčianske Teplice and Žitná-Radiša. The new phalerae hoard of Dolná Poruba-Homôľka allows us to present certain originality in the Carpathian geographical space, which, together with the lens of modern natural science research, shifts the interpretation from static metallurgical zones to dynamic technological networks of Chalcolithic communities in Central Europe.