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2 Acta Theriologica

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The systematic status of the Talian wolf Canis lupus

100%

Nowak R. M. , Federoff N. E.

Acta Theriologica

2002

tom 47

nr 3

In the past, the gray wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, has been recognized in Italy as either the subspecies lupus or italicus. It has also been postulated that this population has undergone introgression from the domestic dog Canis familiaris. In order to clarify these issues, multistatistical analyses were made of 10 skull measurements of 34 full grown male wolves from the Italian Peninsula, 91 other male Eurasian wolves, and 20 domestic dogs. The analyses, together with other morphological evidence and prior genetic research, support recognition of the Italian wolf as a separate subspecies, Canis lupus italicus. The same evidence indicates that the subspecies has not been affected through hybridization with the domestic dog.

Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus

100%

Federoff N. E. , Nowak R. M.

Acta Theriologica

1998

tom 43

nr 3

Skulls of 3 captive-raised female endangered red wolves Cams rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851 exhibited severe malocclusion of the jaws. Cranial and dental abnormalities (including crowding of upper toothrows. and an extra tooth behind the lower ¡eft M;i in one of the three mandibles) were also evident. Ratios of alveolar length of maxillary toothrow to maximum width across the outer sides of crowns of P4 were significantly different (p = 0.008} compared to unaffected skulls. Significant differences were also evident when ratios of maximum width across inner edges of alveoli of P1 to alveolar length of maxillary toothrow and maximum width across outer sides of crowns of P4 were compared between the two groups. Although the three skulls all exhibited malocclusion, the abnormality expressed itself differently in relation to the effects to each skull. Captive inbreeding may increase the probability and frequency of expressing these anomalies, although inbreeding coefficients calculated for the wolves expressing malocclusion were not considered high (0.0313-0.0508J. A wiSd female red wolf specimen captured in 1921 in Arkansas also exhibited the malocclusion, although not as severely as in the captive females. This demonstrates that this trait was present in wild populations prior to, and not a result of, the captive breeding program.