Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Comparative life cycle impact assessment of chosen passenger cars with internal combustion engines

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Burchart-Korol D. , Folęga P.

Transport Problems

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2019

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tom T. 14, z. 2

69--76

EN

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of chosen internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). It addresses an LCA of both petrol-fuelled and diesel-fuelled passenger cars. The analyses pertained to the carbon footprint and respiratory inorganics related to the cars in question, considered against the relevant system from cradle to grave. The comparative analysis has shown that the carbon footprint of a diesel-fuelled car is lower than that of a petrolfuelled car. However, the environmental indicators of respiratory inorganics induced by diesel-fuelled cars are higher than those attributable to petrol-fuelled cars. The main determinant of carbon footprint for the life cycle of these ICEVs is the direct atmospheric emission of carbon dioxide associated with their operation. The main determinants of respiratory inorganics for the diesel passenger cars’ life cycle are nitrogen oxide emission and car production. As for the life cycle of petrol-fuelled passenger cars, the largest share of the respiratory inorganics indicator is attributable to the car production and petrol production.

2

Environmental footprints of current and future electric battery charging and electric vehicles in Poland

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Burchart-Korol D. , Folęga P.

Transport Problems

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2020

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tom T. 15, z. 1

61--70

EN

This paper presents the results of environmental footprints of the life cycle of electric passenger cars, with a current and future electric battery charging analysis in Poland. The shares of the sources of electricity generation in the energy systems of Poland in the years 2015–2050 were used to perform the chosen environmental footprints of current and future electric car battery charging. This article discusses the water and carbon footprints of electric passenger cars in Poland. The carbon footprint was determined usin the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method. The water footprint was calculated using the Hoekstra method. The environmental footprints were provided by the SimaPro 8 package with the Ecoinvent 3 database. The obtained results showed that the carbon footprint and water footprints of electric passenger cars in Poland are primarily related to the type of electricity used to charge electric car batteries. The results showed that current and future carbon footprint indicators of electric cars in Poland are lower than those for petrol cars, but the water footprint indicators of electric cars are higher than those for petrol cars. In the case of petrol cars, the main determinant of the carbon footprint is direct emission during the exploitation stage and the main determinant of the wate footprint is car production.

3

Effect of train position reporting on railway line capacity

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Folęga P. , Irlik M.

Transport Problems

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2021

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tom T. 16, z. 2

59--72

EN

Over the recent years, an increase in the demand for passenger and freight rail transport services has been observed. This is mainly owing to the policy objectives related to the use eco-friendly means of transport and the investment causing the quality of rail services to grow. Along with the growing demand for rail transport, a problem of railway capacity utilisation has emerged. Although the implementation of the new Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system increases the safety level, but under some scenarios, it may decrease the headways between trains. At the same time, the ATP systems enables train positioning based on odometry calculation and reporting it to the trackside system. This paper proposes a solution that involves application of virtual block sections which use the train position reporting feature of the ATP system for the determination of non-occupancy. Virtual blocks can successfully reduce headways in railway lines without increasing the number of trackside signalling devices. The capacity assessment proposed under the study was performed to calculate the average headway depending on the signalling system configuration.

4

Multigraph is: Part 2. Verification of the digital twin of the European train control system application

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Kochan A. , Folęga P. , Bureika G. , Skirkus R.

Transport Problems

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2023

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tom T. 18, z. 3

5--14

EN

The final model for rail transportation is the introduction of full digitalization to support communication and transport services, which will be available to the public in the future. The process of digitalization is based on models that reproduce the real physical structures present in the transport network. Due to the high complexity of the structure and its mapping, it is necessary to find methods that automatically verify the proposed created model. This approach supports manual activities that, at this moment, are not sufficient. Automatization’s description requires a formal approach. Such a description has been developed as part of a research project, “The Digital Railway. The digital twin of the ETCS application. Virtual prototyping and simulation of operational scenarios.” In this paper, a formal model of the ETCS application has been proposed, and a formal approach to its verification is described.

5

Specifics of the traffic scene identification problem observed at level crossings, analysed from the train driver’s perspective

80%

Młyńczak J. , Folęga P. , Celiński I.

Archives of Transport

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2021

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tom Vol. 58, iss. 2

81--97

EN

Level crossing is an element of the transport infrastructure of a particular type. This is where streams of regulated and unregulated traffic interact. Vehicles of regulated, rail traffic affect on unregulated, road traffic vehicles. This process takes place over a relatively small area. But the associated processes are concerned with long distances and medium speeds. Importantly, the impact may be mutual (mainly on level crossing cat. D). Consequently, a number of diverse problems can be observed at level crossings as well as in their direct vicinity. One of them is very particular, since its intensity and scale are significantly higher compared to other points of the transport network. This is a problem of how the sight organs of a rail vehicle driver function. At level crossings, a rail vehicle driver is incapable of registering all events connected with moving objects in a horizontal plane of the field of view (often, dozens or hundreds of vehicles and pedestrians, rail vehicles, signs etc.). Especially in agglomeration areas, near the railway stations, people may violently trespass into the tracks. Before reaching a level crossing, the driver’s sight organs perform specific movements of variable dynamics, having a direct impact on the traffic safety. Given the context in question, the article discusses the methods used to measure the characteristics of the train driver’s sight organs by means of eye tracking devices. The measured characteristics are: saccadic movements, fixation point locations, blinking etc. The relevant studies were supported by using additional equipment and techniques, including visual and vibroacoustic ones. These studies have been illustrated with reference to the measurements performed in different sections of the railway network. The aim of the research was to analyse the behaviour of drivers of traction vehicles. The research results have been discussed in quantitative terms, thus introducing several new descriptive characteristics. The data thus obtained, e.g. concerning the functions of the driver’s sight organs, have been analysed using numerical data set characteristics. With regard to the context this article the authors also conduct research addresses measurements of the characteristics of the road vehicle driver’s sight organs performed by means of eye tracking devices.

6

Multigraph is: Part 1. A formal description of railway infrastructure for the digital twin of the ETCS application

80%

Kochan A. , Folęga P. , Skirkus R. , Bureika G.

Transport Problems

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2023

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tom T. 18, z. 2

43--52

EN

The European Railway Agency has formulated assumptions for a target model of rail transport. Its important premise is digitalization to support the communication and transport services that the railways will make available to the public in the future. Part of the digitalization process is the digital description of the railway infrastructure in a formalized form to allow algorithmic processing. The formal description of infrastructure is not a new issue. However, attempts made so far have not resulted in a permanent definition of a generally accessible formalism allowing for a coherent representation of the physical railway infrastructure in a digital form. This paper presents the results of work carried out within the research project Digital Railway-The Digital Twin of the ETCS Application-Virtual Prototyping and Simulation of Operational Scenarios.

7

Potential environmental life cycle impacts of fuel cell electric vehicles powered by hydrogen produced from Polish coke oven gas

70%

Folęga P. , Burchart D. , Marzec P. , Jursova S. , Pustejovska P.

Transport Problems

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2022

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tom T. 17, z. 1

151--161

EN

This study analysed the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles’(FCEVs’) life cycles. These included models running on hydrogen derived from coke oven gas (COG), which is a by-product of the coking process of coal and includes hydrogen, methane, and other gases. FCEVs and hydrogen have the potential to drive future mobility. Hydrogen can be separated from the COG in the process of pressure swing adsorption to obtain a purity of hydrogen that meets the requirements of a hydrogen FCEV. An environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of FCEV powered by hydrogen produced from Polish COG was conducted. The direction of hydrogen production strategies in Poland was also presented. The analyses included the entire life cycle of FCEVs with the production of hydrogen from COG in a Polish coke plant. A comparative analysis of FCEVs and other alternative fuels was conducted, and the main determinants of GHG emissions of FCEV were given. Importantly, this is the first attempt at an environmental assessment of FCEVs in Poland.