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EN
Assisted reproduction techniques for horses are developing relatively slowly, compared to those for other domestic animals, because of a wide range of species-specific barriers, such as the lack of efficient methods for superovulation, frequent disorders of in vitro oocyte maturation, and the absence of standards for in vitro embryo culture. Despite these obstacles, attempts are being made to improve various biotechnological methods. In recent years, offspring have been obtained by cloning. A method alternative to the in vitro fertilization of oocytes is transfer to recipient mares (GIFT). Methods for oocyte and embryo cryopreservation are being improved. In recent years, there has been a great interest in studies of embryo biopsy for the genetic diagnosis of embryos. Despite promising results of several studies, it is necessary to intensify work on the optimization of methods for in vitro embryo production (in vitro fertilization, cloning), cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, genetic embryo diagnosis, and artificial insemination of mares with sex-sorted sperm.
EN
During the past decade the need for Artificial Reproductive Techniques in felids has greatly increased. Mostly, this is a result of growing expectations that these techniques may be applied in conservation biology and thereby contribute to saving wild felids from extinction. In this article we describe three most common methods of obtaining embryos in vitro in the domestic cat and its wild relatives: classic in vitro fertilisation, in vitro fertilisation by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Each of the methods provides a cleavage rate of around 50% and approx. 20% of embryos develop to the blastocyst stage. After the transfer of embryos produced by these methods, scientists obtained living offspring of the domestic cat, as well as several wild cats: the tiger, serval, fishing cat, caracal, ocelot, wild cat, sand cat, black-footed cat and the oncilla. These successes, in spite of the low efficiency of the discussed methods, are promising and suggest that biotechniques of reproduction will be valuable tools in the protection of wild species. Somatic cell nuclear transfer will allow to sustain the narrow gene pool in the critically endangered felids. For these reasons it is necessary to conduct further research on the optimization of artificial reproduction techniques in cats.
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