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EN
The pollen morphology of 29 taxa, 24 of which are endemic to Turkey, was investigated in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy. LM examination showed pollen grains to be tricolporate, rarely tetracolporate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, subprolate, spheroidal-subprolate, operculate, tectum perforate, scabrate and microechinate. P. pecho Albow. and P. appendicigera C. Koch resemble the Montana type, C. pichleri subsp. pichleri Boiss. and C. pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek & Siehe) Wagenitz resemble the Cyanus type, and C. pseudoscabiosa subsp. pseudoscabiosa Boiss.& Buhse are consistent with the Dealbata type, C. pestalozzae Boiss. and C. carduiformis subsp. carduiformis DC. with the Scabiosa type, and the other taxa with Wagenitz's Jacea type
EN
Common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is a valuable tree species in forestry and source of many natural products. However, natural regeneration of common juniper is difficult. To develop micropropagation procedures for this species callus induction and organogenesis experiments were carried out. It was found that genotype, gender, sampling time and different growth regulator-combinations had significant effects on callus induction in common juniper. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with Benzylaminopurine 0.1 mg l–1and indole-3-butyric acid at concentrations ranging between 0.5–4.0 mg l–1 were the best among the treatments to induce callus formation when spring buds were used as explant sources. In organogenesis experiments, the combination of 2 mg l–1 Benzylaminopurine and 1 mg l–1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was found to be essential to bring about adventitious bud and shoot development from calli. Genotype, gender and sampling times had significant effects on promoting adventitious bud and shoot development. Although several experimental trials with 0.005, 0.03 and 0.05 mg l–1 indole-3-butyric acid and varying media compositions produced adventitious root like structures, none of these structures further developed into a true root system. However, the results of this pioneering study provide a foundation for further experiments concerning the in vitro regeneration of common juniper.
EN
Diclofenac sodium (DS) acts as a potent cyclooxygenase inhibititor, reducing arachidonic acid release and prostaglandins formation. It is commonly used as a non-steroid anti-infl ammatory drug and the potential adverse effects of its administration during pregnancy are of medical and public concern. In the present study, the DS in a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was subcutaneously injected to the pregnant Wistar rats throughout 5–20 gestational days. One group of 4-week old pups was sacrifi ced and the counts of principal neurons in cerebellum and hippocampus were done using stereological methods. Another group of pups was subjected to a battery of behavioral tasks. A signifi cant decrease in the total number of Purkinje cells but not CA pyramidal neurons was observed in the drug-treated juvenile pups. No substantial between-group differences were found in most of the applied behavioral tasks including plus maze anxiety test, and learning/memory tasks such as 12-arm radial maze and the Morris water maze, the latter run both under allo- and idiothetic stimulus conditions. Only in the Open Field test, fetal DS male but not female pups showed slower rate of habituation compared to controls. The obtained results indicated that the moderate doses of DS administered between 5–20 gestation days in rats equivalent of the second half of the 1st and the whole 2nd trimester in human) resulted in some neuronal losses which, however, had no adverse behavioral impact.
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