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EN
Due to their lower productivity, lower reliability, and lower economic stability, older power plants are leading to higher carbon emissions. Rather than simply focusing on the retirement and recuperation of power plants, this study focuses on generation expansion planning (GEP). Considering recuperation is economically and environmentally beneficial to power the power generating company. These criteria have made the GEP problem more complex. Hence, the applications of optimization algorithms are required to solve these complex, constrained, and large-scale problems. In this study, an effective hybrid spotted hyena-particle swarm optimization (HSHPSO) algorithm is proposed to handle the GEP problem for the Tamil Nadu power system. This case study addresses the GEP problem for a 7-year planning horizon (2020-2027), as well as a 14-year planning horizon (2020-2034). A significant reduction in total cost and pollution occurs by including retirement and recuperation in GEP. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed HSHPSO technique, it is compared with the existing technologies such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE). Compared to GEP with no recuperation or retirement, the total cost and CO₂ emissions of the GEP have been reduced by 11.07% and 9.48%, respectively. Also, the results demonstrate that the HSHPSO algorithm outperformed other algorithms.
EN
Metal network compounds have primary properties. The use of lightweight and low vitality is a testament to the growing interest in the automotive industry. Aluminum alloys, due to their advanced physical, mechanical and tribological properties, have become a highly emerging material for a variety of industrial applications and the importance of efficient material selection is explained. In this paper, an Al8011 hybrid metal matrix composite is developed through the stir casting process. The different weight proportions of B4C (3%, 6%, 9% & 12%) and fixed proportions of 2% MoS2 have been used. Composite developed are subjected to mechanical properties evaluation and seawater corrosion studies following standard procedures. To study the porosity of the composite samples, theoretical density and actual density are calculated. An acoustic emission system-assisted tensile test is carried out to report the strength of the composite. From this experimental method, adding reinforcement can increase the tensile strength and hardness of the composites. Under sea water, the increase in reinforcement found an increase in corrosion resistance. Fractured surfaces were perused using SEM and EDS analysis.
EN
A novel 4-methylpyridinium 3-nitrophthalate (4MP3NP) was synthesized and the crystals were grown by using slow evaporation method. The structural data of the grown crystal was collected by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It revealed that the 4MP3NP crystal belongs to triclinic crystal system with a space group P1. Structure of the synthesized compound was established using SHELXL 97 program package. The crystalline nature and composition of the grown crystal was established using high resolution X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses. UV-Vis transmittance and photoluminescence studies revealed the optical transmission window and electronic transition mechanism of ions, respectively. The laser damage threshold of the grown crystal was estimated by Nd:YAG laser and these results were mutually related to specific heat capacity of the grown crystal. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of the grown crystal was studied by Z-scan technique.
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