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EN
The effect of adding wheat gluten or extracted soybean meal (300 g of crude protein/head/day) on milk yield, composition and physical properties, was analysed on 53 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows with different milk kappa-casein genotypes (AA, AB and BB). The addition of wheat gluten to the diet of cows with the AB kappa-casein genotype caused significant increase in fat, crude protein,and casein content of milk, and alpha-casein, beta-casein and kappa-casein yields. It also resulted in an increase in total solids content and total bacteria count (TBC), and decrease in thermostability,alpha-casein content and electrical resistance of milk. In the case of cows with the AA kappa-casein genotype, only significant increase in crude protein, casein content, kappa-casein yield and total solids was observed as a result of wheat gluten addition. Furthermore, a decrease in TBC, and a reduction in the coagulation time were noted. The addition of extracted soybean meal to the diet of cows with the AA and AB kappa-casein genotypes caused significant changes in milk composition and physical properties. These included significant increase in fat, crude protein, casein, and total solids content, and alpha-casein and beta-casein yields, as well as milk acidity and thermostability.Cows with the BB kappa-casein genotype did not reveal any distinct changes in milk composition and its physical properties as a result of supplementation with either wheat gluten or extracted soybean meal. Results of the study show that cows with particular kappa-casein genotypes utilize feed components of the feeding ration in a different manner that may be significant in rationalization of feeding and improvement of milk composition.
EN
The paper presents a short historical background concerning the development of nanotechnological science and its current application in various fields of science and economy. Both profits and dangers resulting from more and more common nanoproducts’ use in different aspects of life were presented. Moreover, the properties and application of nanosilver as one of the most commonly used elements and its influence on organisms and environment were demonstrated.
PL
Celem badań była analiza porównawcza okrywy włosowej konika polskiego i konia huculskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem budowy histologicznej oraz parametrów fizycznych włosów. Włosy do badań pochodziły od 20 klaczy, po 10 z każdej rasy. Próby włosów zostały pobrane w okresie zimowym, z boku kłody, grzywy, ogona oraz szczotek. Włosy z boku kłody zostały podzielone na frakcję pokrywową i puchową. U obu ras zaobserwowano większy procentowy udział włosów puchowych (ok. 70%) w stosunku do włosów pokrywowych (ok. 30%). Włosy pokrywowe konika polskiego były o ok. 50% dłuższe w porównaniu do włosów konia huculskiego, natomiast długość włosów puchowych nie różniła się istotnie pomiędzy rasami. Zarówno włosy pokrywowe, jak i puchowe konika polskiego były o ok. 25% grubsze w porównaniu do włosów konia huculskiego. Zdolność do wydłużenia poszczególnych rodzajów włosów nie różniła się istotnie pomiędzy rasami. Najmniejsze wydłużenie (ok. 45%) stwierdzono dla włosów szczotek, natomiast największe (ok. 55%) – dla włosów grzywy. Budowa histologiczna kutikuli włosów nie wykazała różnic między analizowanymi rasami koni.
EN
The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the hair coat of the Polish Konik and Hucul pony, focusing on the histological structure and physical parameters of the hair. Hair samples were obtained from 20 mares—10 of each breed. They were collected in winter, from the side of barrel, the mane, the tail, and front and rear fetlock. The hairs from the barrel were divided into overhair and underhair fractions. A higher percentage of underhair (about 70%) as compared to overhair (30%) was noted in both breeds. The overhair of the Polish Konik was about 50% longer than that of the Hucul pony, while the length of underhair did not differ between breeds. Both the overhair and the underhair of the Polish Konik were about 25% thicker than that of the Hucul pony. Elongation of particular types of hair did not differ significantly between the breeds. It was lowest for fetlock hair (about 45%) and highest for mane hair (about 55%). The histological structure of the cuticle layer of the hair did not differ between breeds.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyse the hair coat of the three dachshund varieties, i.e. shorthaired, longhaired, and wirehaired, with respect to its histological structure and content of selected chemical elements. The study was conducted on female dachshunds originating from individual breeders. The study included the assessment of the contribution of particular hair fractions, measurements of hair thickness and length, and also the analysis of histological structure of particular hair fractions. A great differentiation in the parameters and structure of particular kinds of hair from the examined dogs was demonstrated. Thickness and length of hair of particular varieties showed statistically significant differentiation, as well as percentage contribution of particular hair fractions. As regard the content of chemical elements in particular hair fractions and dachshund variety, it appeared that the elements forming hair keratin were the most abundant. The findings presented in the paper may be a useful tool for the recognition of dachshund varieties based on their hair coat structure. They may be also a valuable contribution to the expanding breed standards, which lack histological hair description.
EN
Seeding of cells on functional, biocompatible scaffolds is a crucial step in achieving the desired engineered tissue. The authors show the constructional solutions of the Nd:YAG pulse laser system with the Q-switch modulation for direct and interferential shaping of the surface of biocompatible materials. The two-channel interference system is distinguished by high control, simplicity and repetitiveness regarding laser energy level and dimensions of the surface structures. The experiments were conducted on hard, biocompatible substrates of amorphous carbon (diamond-like carbon, DLC) and were preliminarily tested on smooth muscle cell depositions.
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