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1
Content available European Court of Human Rights Case Law on Genetic Information in the Scope of International Biomedical Law
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2020
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tom 11
119-137
EN
The aim of the study is to analyze the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on genetic information in the scope of international biomedical law, as expressed in the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data and the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Human Dignity in the Field of Application of Biology and Medicine. The Court held that the genetic information is protected under the law of the Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The model of the right to respect for private life is reflected in its shape, as the Court noted in the Van der Velden v. The Netherlands and S. and Marper v. The United Kingdom cases. It leads to the conclusion that the provision of Article 8 of the Convention provides the protection of genetic information, subject to certain restrictions that are “in accordance with law” and “necessary in a democratic society”. Such conclusion is in compliance with art. 12, art. 17 (b) art. 21 (c) of the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, and art. 11 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine.
2
Content available El Estado y la política en América Latina. Un esbozo de los sistemas políticos latinoamericanos, Piotr Łaciński (coord.), Difin, Varsovia 2013, págs. 320, ISBN 978-83-7641-729-5
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales
|
2016
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tom 3
3
Content available Soft Law in International Governance
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2017
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tom 7
93-103
EN
The purpose of the article is to assess how the provisions resulting from international programmatic norms in the field of human genetic data are implemented. The presented study, adopting the perspective of institutional rationalism extended to the paradigm of legalism, considers examples of the implementation of these standards in selected legal systems – Germany, the United States of America and France. The selection of the research paradigm is preceded by a theoretical introduction, which presents three ways of conceptualizing the notion of soft law in the legal sciences. Following an outline of this legal regime in positivism, and the theories of rationalization and constructivism, the author focuses on the provisions of the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data of 16 October, 2003, which are compared with the legislative initiatives of Germany, the United States of America and France, to show the influence that the choices of states has on selection of the implemented standards and how they are implemented.
4
Content available The European Standard of Legal Gender Recognition
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Teka Komisji Prawniczej
|
2023
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tom 16
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nr 1
155-168
EN
The author in his analysis focuses on two subjects. The first one is the history of legal gender recognition as a European standard followed by the analysis of the connections between legal gender recognition and the right to have medical treatment reimbursed by insurance, right to marriage, right to have children and protection against discrimination. The second one is related to the analysis of the margin of appreciation that States-Parties to the Convention enjoy in regulating conditions for the admissibility to request the recognition of one’s gender identity. Presented analysis lead to a conclusion that European standard of legal gender recognition is defined in negative way by limiting the margin of appreciation that States-Parties to the Convention enjoy in regulating conditions for the admissibility to request the recognition of one’s gender identity.
5
Content available European Standard for the Protection of Patients’ Lives
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2022
|
tom 14
119-137
EN
The aim of the study it to reconstruct the European standard for the protection of patients’ lives in its substantive and procedural aspects. In the case-law of the bodies of the system of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the scope of the state authorities’ substantive and procedural obligation to protect the right to life in the health care system was defined for the first time by the European Commission of Human Rights in the decision of 22 May 1995 in Mehmet Işıltan v. Turkey, and then repeated in the case-law of the reformed Court in the decision on the admissibility in Powell v. United Kingdom. The study of the European standard for the protection of patients’ lives traces its history, from Mehmet Işıltan v. Turkey and Powell v. United Kingdom; through developments of the meaning of its substantive limb, as illustrated by Mehmet and Bekir Senturk v. Turkey, Asiye Genc v. Turkey, Aydogdu v. Turkey, and Elena Cojocaru v. Romania; to developments of the meaning of its procedural limb, as exemplified by Calvelli and Ciglio v. Italy, Wojciech Byrzykowski v. Poland, Šilih v. Slovenia, and Gray v. Germany; and finally covers the Court’s attempt to sum up its previous approach to the European standard for the protection of patients’ lives, as expressed in the case of Lopes de Sousa Fernandes v. Portugal.
6
Content available Perspektywy rozwoju Przeglądu Prawniczego Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2016
|
tom 6
1-1
7
Content available Poznańska nauka prawa międzynarodowego na łamach „Ruchu Prawniczego, Ekonomicznego i Socjologicznego”
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2021
|
tom 83
|
nr 2
209-225
EN
The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the achievements of selected representatives of Poznań studies on international law, whose writings have been published in the previous volumes of the Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny [Journal of Law, Economics and Sociology]: Bohdan Winiarski, Alfons Klafkowski, Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Bolesław Wiewióra, Jan Sandorski, Jerzy Tyranowski, Tadeusz Gadkowski, and Anna Michalska. The article considers a selection of papers representative for the main directions of research conducted by three generations of international lawyers from Poznań's Department of Public International Law. The topics covered are as follows: the relationship between international law and national law, the sources of international law, international river law, international law of armed conflict and international responsibility, the law of international organizations, international protection of human rights, territory and recognition in international law, and nuclear law.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest przegląd prac prawników internacjonalistów z poznańskiej Katedry Prawa Międzynarodowego, wybranych spośród tekstów, które ukazały się na łamach „Ruchu Prawniczego, Ekonomicznego i Socjologicznego”. Przegląd ten uwzględnia tematykę reprezentatywną dla głównych kierunków badań, prowadzonych przez trzy pokolenia twórców poznańskiej nauki prawa międzynarodowego: Bohdana Winiarskiego, Alfonsa Klafkowskiego, Krzysztofa Skubiszewskiego, Bolesława Wiewiórę, Jana Sandorskiego, Jerzego Tyranowskiego, Annę Michalską oraz Tadeusza Gadkowskiego i obejmuje prace poświęcone studiom nad relacją pomiędzy prawem międzynarodowym a prawem krajowym, źródłami prawa międzynarodowego, międzynarodowym prawem wodnych szlaków komunikacyjnych, międzynarodowym prawem konfliktów zbrojonych i odpowiedzialnością międzynarodową, prawem organizacji międzynarodowych, międzynarodową ochroną praw człowieka, terytorium i uznaniem w prawie międzynarodowym oraz prawem atomowym.
8
Content available Etyka – Genetyka – Rynek. Racjonalność komunikacyjna w polityce ochrony informacji genetycznej
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Prakseologia
|
2015
|
tom 157/2
357-373
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza polityki ochrony informacji genetycznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem raportu Australijskiej Komisji Reform Prawnych i Komitetu Etyki Zdrowia Państwowej Rady Zdrowia i Badań Medycznych z 2003 roku. Polityka ta, opierając się na procesie równoważenia praktycznego wymiaru genetyki z ochroną praw jednostek, stanowi przykład działania powiązanego z dyrektywami, opartymi na przekonaniach normatywnych właściwych dla pojęcia racjonalności komunikacyjnej. Dowodząc tej hipotezy, autor prezentuje pojęcie dyskryminacji genetycznej oraz jego historyczne podstawy, przegląd badań empirycznych oraz przykłady polityki ochrony informacji genetycznej w perspektywie teorii działania komunikacyjnego.
EN
The aim of the study is to evaluate human genetic information protection policy, with a special emphasis on the report of The Australian Law Reform Commission and The Australian Health Ethics Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council of 2003. The author is of the opinion that this particular example can be regarded as a consequence of actions regulated by a set of inter-subjective beliefs, related to the concept of communicative rationality. In order to prove the proposed hypothesis, the author analyses the notion of genetic discrimination and its historical background, empirical evidence and examples of genetic information protection policies in the context of the social theory of communicative action.
9
Content available Public international law with regard to the social consequences of the development of genetics
100%
Kwiatkowski P.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2016
|
tom 6
61-75
EN
The extension of international instruments in the field of human rights to embrace a bioethical perspective constitutes a response from international organisations to the social consequences of the development of genetics. These initiatives led in turn to the formation of universal norms of a declarative nature, as well as legally binding norms for the states of the Council of Europe. The author focuses on the basic principles of: the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and the Human Rights United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning, and the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine – presenting the foundations of international bioethics law with regard to the social consequences of the development of genetics.
10
Content available Juvenile Community Services for the Benefit of the Local Community: In Search of Effective Methods of Resocialization
63%
Stasiak K. , Kwiatkowski P.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
|
2023
|
tom 32
|
nr 1
275-291
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony stosowanemu przez polskie sądy środkowi wychowawczemu w postaci zobowiązania nieletniego do pracy na rzecz społeczności lokalnej. Przedstawiono w nim badania naukowe, które zostały wykonane trzema metodami: dogmatyczno-prawną, statystyczną oraz poprzez badania aktowe. Badaniami aktowymi objęto 14 spraw, w których w 2013 r. sąd zobowiązał nieletniego do prac na rzecz społeczności lokalnej (blisko 1% tego rodzaju zobowiązań orzeczonych przez sądy w tym roku w całej Polsce). W wyniku badań zauważono, że sądy coraz częściej stosują ten środek wychowawczy i obecnie stanowi on nieco ponad 4% orzeczonych wobec nieletnich środków wychowawczych. Sądy stosują takie zobowiązanie najczęściej wobec nieletnich, którzy mają 16–17 lat. Na ogół nieletni mieli do wykonania prace w wymiarze 10 godzin na rzecz szkoły, do której uczęszczali. Wykonaniem orzeczenia z reguły zajmowali się kuratorzy sądowi. W artykule dostrzeżono, że brak było przepisów prawa, które szczegółowo określałyby zasady orzekania i wykonywania omawianego środka wychowawczego. Taka niedookreśloność powodowała trudności w trakcie wykonywania tego rodzaju orzeczeń sądów.
EN
The article concerns juvenile community services for the benefit of the local community – an educational measure used by Polish courts. It presents research carried out using three methods: the legal-dogmatic method, the statistical method, and the case study method. The research covered 14 cases in which in 2013 the court obliged juveniles to work for the local community (nearly 1% of the total number of such rulings within this year in Poland). The results show that courts use this educational measure increasingly often, and it currently constitutes about 4% of rulings regarding educational measures aimed at juveniles. Courts most commonly use such measures against juveniles who are between 16 and 17 years old. Generally, it included 10 hours of community services for the benefit of the juveniles’ schools. Carrying out the ruling was usually managed by probation officers. The article also highlights the lack of legislation regulating the assignment and carrying out of juvenile community service. Such lack of clarity caused difficulties in carrying out the courts’ rulings.
11
Content available Diagnosis and treatment of mucosa Candida spp. infections – a review article
51%
Dąbrowska M. , Sienkiewicz M. , Kwiatkowski P. , Dąbrowski M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
|
2018
|
tom 73
|
nr 1
EN
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Non-albicans Candida species play an important role in vulvovaginal candidiasis and invasive infections. Most cases of infections are endogenous. In case of patients with immune disorders this opportunistic pathogen causes both surface, systemic infections, and candidemia. Symptoms depend on the area affected. Candidiasis are treated with antimycotics; these include clotrimazole, nystatin, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of currently available antifungals are becoming a major problem in the management of Candida spp. infection.
12
Content available Diagnosis and treatment of invasive Candida infections – a review article
51%
Dąbrowska M. , Sienkiewicz M. , Kwiatkowski P. , Dąbrowski M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
|
2018
|
tom 73
|
nr 1
EN
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Invasive candidiasis comprises candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Most yeast invasive infections are endogenous with a high mortality. Pathogenesis of candidiasis depends on avoiding host immune responses, as well as the virulence factors of the fungus enabling colonization and invasion of tissues. Adequate source control and antifungal therapy administered within a short time is critical to get a better prognosis. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of currently available antifungals are becoming the major problem in the management of Candida spp. infection.
13
Content available Ginsenoside content in suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolium L. cultivated in shake flasksand stirred-tank bioreactor
38%
Kochan E. , Caban S. , Szymańska G. , Szymczyk P. , Lipert A. , Kwiatkowski P. , Sienkiewicz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
|
2017
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
EN
Plant suspension cultures are described as a source for the acquisition of medicinal secondary metabolites which in the future may become an alternative to traditional raw materials. This study demonstrates that the cell cultures of one of the ginseng species – Panax quinquefolium L. synthesize ginsenosides, which are triterpene saponins having a multidirectional pharmacological effects. Tested suspension cultures were run on a small scale in the shake flasksand in scale up of the process in a 10-liter stirred tank. In the shake flasks,the highest biomass yield (2.28 gl-1 for dry and 33.99 gl-1 for fresh weight) was reached on day 30 of culture, and the highest content of saponins (2.66 mg g -1 dw) was determined on day 28 of culture. In the bioreactor, nearly 2.67 and 3-fold increase of respectively dry and fresh biomass was recorded in relation to the inoculum. Large-scale cultures synthesized protopanaxatriol derivatives such as Rg1 and Re ginsenosides, however, no saponins belonging to the protopanaxadiol derivatives were reported.
14
Content available Influence of methyl jasmonate on ginsenoside biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolium L.
38%
Kochan E. , Caban S. , Szymańska G. , Szymczyk P. , Lipert A. , Kwiatkowski P. , Sienkiewicz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia
|
2017
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
EN
Panax quinquefolium L., belonging to the Araliaceae family, along with P. ginseng is one of the well-known species of ginseng. Multidirectional pharmacological action of this plant is attributed to triterpene saponins called ginsenosides. Pharmacopoeial raw material are roots obtained from the field crops which are time-consuming and require expensive agrotechnical procedures. Therefore, the new sources of ginseng biomass are sought such as in vitro suspension cultures. P. quinquefolium L. cell cultures, treated with the elicitation of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in concentration 50 and 250 μmol L-1, synthesize more ginsenosides than control cultures. The highest increase (2.2-fold) of all examined compounds was noted using 250 μmol L-1 MJ. In this condition, the predominantly quantitative metabolite was Rb1 ginsenoside belonging to protopanaxadiol derivatives.
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