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Gastrointestinal passage time of seeds ingested by captive Japanese martens Martes melampus

100%

Tsuji Y. , Shiraishi T. , Miura S.

Acta Theriologica

2011

tom 56

nr 4

The time it takes for ingested seeds to pass through the gut of animals is an important aspect of endozoochorous seed dispersal because it influences seed dispersal distance. Variations in the physical characteristics of seeds, such as their weight, volume, and specific gravity, can affect their movement through the gastrointestinal system of a given animal. We conducted feeding experiments with captive Japanese martens, Martes melampus (n = 4), at Toyama Municipal Family Park Zoo, central Japan to examine the effects of the physical characteristics of seeds on their passage times. The mean (±SD) transit time, mean retention time, and time of last appearance of four different types of commercial seeds were 2.6 ± 0.3 h (range 0.6–5.4), 9.7 ± 1.1 h (3.8–17.3), and 23.8 ± 3.1 h (12.2–51.8), respectively. All of these values are greater than those found during previous experiments conducted with mustelids. Similar to previous studies, however, none of these passage time variables was correlated with the physical characteristics of seeds. Our results thus indicate that martens disperse seeds of different plant species, whose size, volume, and specific gravity all fall within the range of those used in the present study, from parent plants at similar distances.

High level expression of STAG1-PMEPA1 in an androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 subclone

75%

Hirokawa Y. S. , Takagi A. , Uchida K. , Kozuka Y. , Yoneda M. , Watanabe M. , Shiraishi T.

nr 3

In this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of two PC3 subclones. One subclone, mr, showed an epithelial phenotype, the other, M1, showed a sarcomatous morphology. Transplanted into nude mice, mr developed tumors at a dramatically faster rate than M1. Comparing the two subclones, differentially expressed genes were identified, including E-cadherin, IL-8 and STAG1/PMEPA1. These genes were expressed at higher levels in mr than in M1.

PtSi Schottky-barrier infrared focal plane arrays

63%

Kimata M. , Ueno M. , Yagi H. , Shiraishi T. , Kawai M. , Endo K. , Kosasayama Y. , Sone T. , Ozeki T. , Tsubouchi N.

Opto-Electronics Review

1998

tom Vol. 6, No. 1

1-10

The focal plane array (FPA) technology based on the PtSi Schottky-barrier (SB) photoemissive detector is presented. Taking advantage of Si-compatible manufacturing processes and high responsivity uniformity, we have developed a series of 2-dimensional PtSi SB FPAs with array sizes from 256 x 256 to 1040 x 1040 elements for medium wavelength thermal imaging, and two spaceborne long linear FPAs with 4096-element x 4-band and 2100-element x 6-band for short wavelength remote sensing applications. Along with design and performance of the FPAs, this paper reports on the Charge Sweep Device readout architecture, which is a key technology for high performance 2-D FPAs. A high reliability and high planarity packaging technology for large FPAs is also described.