Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

To Settle or to Leave Again? Patterns of Return Migration to Poland During the Transition Period

100%

Fihel A. , Górny A.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2013

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tom 2

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nr 1

55-76

EN

The article discusses the notion of return migration with regard to its permanency and temporariness. In reference to selective patterns of return migration, factors conducive to permanent returns and to re-emigration, i.e. subsequent migration after the return, are examined with the use of a logistic regression model. Analyses demonstrated in the article are devoted to return migration to Poland in 1989-2002 and based on the 2002 Polish census data. The obtained results confirm earlier findings on the major role of the level of human capital and family attachments in shaping the nature of the return waves. It was revealed that return migrants who decided on a longer stay in Poland were more often living in Polish urban areas, and had higher human capital and stronger family attachments to Poland, when compared to re-emigrants. It was also observed that return migrants possessing dual nationality were the most likely to engage in re-emigration, while descendants of Polish emigrants tended to settle in Poland on a more permanent basis.

2

Selektywność emigracji i migracji powrotnych Polaków – o procesie „wypłukiwania”

100%

Anacka M. , Fihel A.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2012

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tom 1

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nr 1

57-67

EN

The paper contains the analysis of selectivity of emigration and return migration to Poland in years 2004-2008. By using Migration Selectivity Index with comparable data (Labour Force Survey) we were able to confirm the hypothesis of ‘washing-out’ of selected categories of Polish population: men, people with post-secondary, secondary and vocational level of education, inhabitants of rural areas and those who live in agricultural households. We made an attempt to estimate the scale of the phenomenon and described its demographic consequences. Our analysis corresponds with the ‘crowding out’ hypothesis (Okólski 2011, 2012; cf. Grabowska-Lusińska, Okólski 2009; Anacka, Okólski 2010) stating that the post-accession emigration from Poland gave a chance to an economically ‘redundant’ labour force to move to regions and economic sectors with high demand for labour.

3

THE CONTINUES RETURN FLOW TO POLAND (Plynnosc powrotow do Polski)

100%

Fihel A. , Grabowska-Lusinska I.

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2010

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tom 36

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nr 4(138)

107-130

EN

In the modern history Poland has experienced several waves of return migration. The recent wave is connected to the Polish accession into the European Union and is a result of a general intensification of international mobility of Polish nationals after the May 1st, 2004. According to the Central Statistical Office the scale of returns to Poland is estimated at 580 thousand in the period 2004-2008. However the estimations differ across various sources of estimations which show difficulties in grasping return migration in statistics and in analysis. The comparison (as based on the Polish Labour Force Survey) of socio-demographic characteristics of Polish emigrants and migrants who decided to return to the country of origin shows that the latter are on average older and hold lower level of education. More than every second return migrant doesn't work after return never mind the level of education. The highest unemployment and inactivity is among those with vocational education and no occupation (gymnasium). On the basis of qualitative research it might be concluded that there are two groups of return migrants: those who returned for good after achieving an aim set in advance (for instance obtaining financial resources; it is called intentionally concluded return), and those who did not decide to re-settle down in Poland and take into consideration another migration (called as intentionally unpredictable return). In the case of the latter ones problems with re-adaptation to the Polish social and economic environment after the return seem to be significant.

4

Recent Trends in International Migration in Poland

80%

Fihel A. , Kaczmarczyk P. , Stefańska R.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2012

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tom 1

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nr 1

69-90

EN

The article presents the main recent developments in migration policy and migration trends to and from Poland. Polish migration policy has been becoming more open to immigrants in the years 2009-2011, especially immigrants needed by the Polish economy. At the same time, according to the new migration strategy, it is going to devote more attention to the issue of immigrants’ integration. As for trends in international migration, the trans-border mobility remained elevated and intensified, among others due to agreements on the Local Border Traffic with the Eastern neighbours. Since 2006 the emigration for a permanent stay has been decreasing and immigration for a permanent stay has been increasing, mostly due to return migration of Polish citizens, but still, in 2010 a negative net migration was registered. The number of long-term Polish emigrants stabilized, while the number of short-term emigrants declined abruptly, which suggests that Poland is already in a ‘late’ or ‘mature’ phase of post-accession emigration, characterized by stabilization of the outflow of settlement type and intensification of return migration. The latter is to some extent reflected by the statistics referring to immigration for a permanent stay and to mixed marriages. Labour immigration and foreign employment in Poland have been increasing constantly over recent years.