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Enriched environment increases the total number of CNPase positive cells in the corpus callosum of middle-aged rats

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Zhao Y.-Y. , Shi X.-Y. , Qiu X. , Zhang L. , Lu W. , Yang S. , Li C. , Cheng G.-H. , Yang Z.-W. , Tang Y.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

2011

tom 71

nr 3

It had been reported that enriched environment was beneficial for the brain cognition, neurons and synapses in cortex and hippocampus. With diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), several studies recently found the trained-induced larger corpus callosum. However, the effect of enriched environment on the oligodendrocytes in corpus callosum has not been explored with the unbiased stereological methods. In current study, the effect of enriched environment on the total number of 2',3'- cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) positive cells in middle-aged rat corpus callosum was investigated by means of immunohistochemical techniques and the unbiased stereological methods. We found that, when compared to standard rats, the spatial learning capacity of enriched-environment rats was significantly increased. The total number of the CNPase positive cells in the corpus callosum of enriched-environment middle-aged rats was significantly increased when compared to standard rats. The present study provided, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence of environmental enrichment-induced increases in the total number of CNPase positive cells in the corpus callosum of middle-aged rats.

Characterization of Soil Particle Size Distribution with a Fractal Model in the Desertified Regions of Northern China

100%

Gao G.-L. , Ding G.-D. , Zhao Y.-Y. , Wu B. , Zhang Y.-Q. , Guo J.-B. , Qin S.-G. , Bao Y.-F. , Yu M.-H. , Liu Y.-D.

Acta Geophysica

2016

tom Vol. 64, no. 1

1--14

We constructed an aeolian soil database across arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions, China. Soil particle size distribution was measured with a laser diffraction technique, and fractal dimensions were calculated. The results showed that: (i) the predominant soil particle size distributed in fine and medium sand classifications, and fractal dimensions covered a wide range from 2.0810 to 2.6351; (ii) through logarithmic transformations, fractal dimensions were significantly positive correlated with clay and silt contents (R2 = 0.81 and 0.59, P < 0.01), and significantly negative correlated with sand content (R2 = 0.50, P < 0.01); (3) hierarchical cluster analysis divided the plots into three types which were similar to sand dune types indicating desertification degree. In a large spatial scale, fractal dimensions are still sensitive to wind-induced desertification. Therefore, we highly recommend that fractal dimension be used as a reliable and quantitative parameter to monitor soil environment changes in desertified regions. This improved information provides a firm basis for better understanding of desertification processes.