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Content available remote Edward Dembowski – życie i twórczość „czerwonego kasztelanica”
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EN
Edward Dembowski is one of the most controversial figures of Polish history in the nineteenth century. Outstanding conspirator, totally dedicated to the democratic and revolutionary ideals, tirelessly tried to trigger off another national uprising, combined with the social revolution. He was primarily a man of action, but also left a number of writings, showing his achievements in the field of philosophy, literature and journalism. Dembowski’s figure is surrounded by legend, also because of his tragic death at a young age. But in fact, the “red castellan” is surrounded by two legends – the black one and the white one. According to the first of them, the character of the following article was an insane communist and revolutionary, guilty of bloodshed in the name of utopian ideals. The second legend, positive, presents his person as the heroic envoy, one of the national heroes of the nineteenth‑century, totally dedicated to the national and social causes, finally dying in the name of these ideals. Which of the two legends is closer to the truth? I hope that this article, which aims to provide an overview of the most important facts about the life of Edward Dembowski and to present his political, social and philosophical views, will help readers find the answer to this question. The first part of the paper primarily describes the life and activity of Edward Dembowski, while the second one focuses on his philosophical views.
EN
The conflict about the autonomy of the Jagiellonian University dominated the first period of existence of the Free City of Crakow. In the local dimension this conflict became a part of the power struggle between the governing conservative party of the nobility on the one hand and the liberal bourgeois opposition on the other hand. In the broader dimension this struggle included the Republic of Crakow in the pan-European clash between the backward ideas of the Holy Alliance, represented by the three occupying powers Austria, Prussia and Russia, and the libertarian and liberal forces trying to strain the post -Congress order. The most active centers of the revolutionary effervescence were European universities. In result, a wave of harsh repression met them soon. The case of the Jagiellonian University was also a part of the political game between the superpowers and played an important role in the activities of the powerful Austrian chancellor, Klemens Lothar von Metternich, effectively trying to dissuade the Russian tsar Alexander I of liberal politics. The action against the autonomy of the University was also a part of the fight against Polish culture led by the three occupying powers. The intervention of the powers, provoked largely by Stanislaw Wodzicki, the President of the Governing Senate, has brought dire consequences not only for the University in Crakow, but also for the whole Free City and became the beginning of the end of the small republic.
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