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PL
Badaniem objęto zgrupowania larw chruścików (Trichoptera) w pobliżu poprzecznej zabudowy hydrotechnicznej na trzech lewobrzeżnych dopływach Kamienicy Nawojowskiej, w Beskidzie Sądeckim. Mała poprzeczna zabudowa hydrotechniczna (do 2 m wys.) wpływa na kształt niektórych czynników abiotycznych, co z kolei oddziałuje na zgrupowania chruścików w profilu podłużnym cieku. Nie powoduje to jednak wyraźnego zubożenia gatunkowego, lecz zmiany w strukturze taksonomicznej i liczebności poszczególnych taksonów czy gildii pokarmowych
EN
The research focused on assemblages of caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae in the proximity of transversal hydrotechnical constructions (river bars, steps, anti-debris barriers) in three left-bank tributaries of the Kamienica Nawojowska River in the Beskid Sądecki Mountains. Three research transects were designated on each stream: above the construction, directly below the construction and in the distance of about 20 m below the second transect. Samples were collected in the seasons of 2010 and 2011 with the use of methods recommended by AQEM/STAR. The researcher analyzed the results by relating them to particular study sites and types of transects, as well as by determining the structure of dominance and the factor of faunistic resemblance according to the formula developed by Jaccard. The research has shown that transverse hydrotechnical constructions do not lead to greater differences in assemblages of caddisflies in streams of the same catchment area. Other abiotic factors play probably a more important role in this area (e.g. the use of valleys’ slopes, the degree of shading, the concentration of nutrients). Small transverse hydrotechnical constructions (up to 2 m high) probably affect the structure of caddisfly assemblages in each research transects within the limits of a given stream. However, this does not lead to any great reduction in the number of species but can cause changes in the taxonomic structure as well as in the number of particular taxa and feeding guilds. The extent and spatial arrangement of changes are correlated with the size and number of constuctions
PL
Analiza zmian właściwości gleby, roślinności oraz zgrupowań skoczogonków pozwoliła na wyróżnienie faz spontanicznej restytucji lasu na glebach sandrowych. W pierwszej fazie zaraz po zaniechaniu uprawy w glebie szybko spada zawartość fosforu, potasu, wapnia i magnezu. Na uwolnionej spod presji rolniczej powierzchni pojawiają się rośliny zielne głównie z klasy Stellarietea mediae i Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canestencentis. W fazie drugiej, na ugorach następuje ekspansja mszaków oraz wkraczanie sosny i pierwszych gatunków z klasy Vaccinio-Piceetea. W trzeciej fazie glebę cechuje wysoka zawartość próchnicy i wskaźnika C/N oraz niskie pH a także spadek zawartości azotu. W młodych borach bujnie rozwija się warstwa mszysta a w runie dominują rośliny borowe. Na tle wyraźnie zaznaczonej fazowości rozwoju roślinności obserwuje się dynamiczne zmiany w zgrupowaniach ściółkowo-glebowych skoczogonków. Zbiorowiska roślinne i zgrupowania skoczogonków powstające w wyniku spontanicznego wkraczania lasu na grunty porolne cechują się większą różnorodnością biologiczną niż zbiorowiska powstające w wyniku zalesień sztucznych.
EN
The return of forest on abandoned post-agricultural sandur soils of Charzykowska Plain. Based on changes of soil properties, vegetation and springtail assemblages, the phases of spontaneous restoration of forest on sandy soils were defi ned. In the fi rst phase, shortly after farming abandonment, the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil decreased very fast. On sites, released from agricultural pressure, herb vegetation mainly typical of Stellarietea mediae and Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canestencentis classes occurred. In the second phase, in the fallow the encroachment of mosses and pine trees took place and the fi rst plant species typical of Vaccinio-Piceetea class appeared. In the third phase, the soil displays the following features: high humus content, high C:N ratio, low pH value and decrease in nitrogen content. In young pine forests the moss layer was abundantly developed while the herb layer was dominated by plants typical of coniferous forests. On the background of distinct phases of vegetation development, dynamic changes in springtail assemblages inhabiting litter and soil were observed. Biological diversity of vegetation communities and springtail assemblages developed in the course of spontaneous forest encroachment on post-agricultural lands are higher than ones of artifi cial aff orestation.
EN
This study investigates the effect of the enrichment of Scots pine stands with a common beech understorey on changes in the species composition and selected life traits of an important zooindicator group, such as the ground beetles (Col. Carabidae). The field investigations were carried out in a fresh coniferous forest in the Myszyniec Forest District (N Poland) in stands with (P+) and without (P) beech in the understorey. Each treatment was repeated four times. In each repetition, six pitfalls were installed. The traps were replaced 13 times, every two weeks, from April to October. In total, 4412 specimens classified into 25 species of ground beetles were captured. The tree stands with the beech understorey were observed to contain a significantly higher number of species than the ones with the beech undergrowth. Also, the value of the Shannon index of species diversity (H’) and mean individual biomass (MIB) were significantly higher in the treatment with the beech understorey. Principal Component Analysis showed variations in Carabidae assemblages within the analysed types of forest. Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Pterostichus aethiops and Pterostichus vernalis were more strongly correlated with the stands without beech understorey. The stands enriched with the beech understorey correlated with the occurrence of large zoophages: Carabus arvensis and Cychrus caraboides, and hemizoophages of the genus Amara. An in−depth ecological characterisation of the captured Carabidae showed that the dominant ground beetles in the investigated forest habitats, in terms of the number of caught individuals and species, belonged to forest zoophagous carabids characterised by moderate requirements for moisture in a habitat, and having the spring type of development. Representatives of large zoophages and species with the autumn type of development, i.e. species associated with later ecological succession stages, were more numerously caught in the pine stands without the beech understorey The study provides evidence that justifies the planting of deciduous undergowth in monoculture coniferous pine tree forests. The presence of an understorey contributes to higher: richness of Carabidae species, values of the MIB and abundance of large forest species presenting the autumn type of development, that is the species, which are characteristic for forest areas representing a highly advanced succession stage.
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