Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Spuścizna archiwalna zarządu odbudowy zamku w Malborku w zbiorach Archiwum Państwowego w Elblągu z siedzibą w Malborku

100%

Kukowski T.

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nr 3(285)

449-459

2

Najstarsze dzieje budowlane Wieży Kleszej na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku oraz prowadzone tam prace konserwatorskie w XIX w. w świetle wyników badań architektonicznych (cz. 1)

60%

Prarat M. , Jesionowski B.

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tom Nr 54

7--24

PL

Tekst jest podsumowaniem badań architektonicznych Wieży Kleszej znajdującej się na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku. Podzielony został on na dwie uzupełniające się części. Pierwsza zawiera prezentację zabytku, stan badań oraz analizę przekształceń budowlanych. W części drugiej przedstawiono rozwarstwienie chronologiczne zespołu oraz podjęto próbę hipotetycznej rekonstrukcji wybranych faz jej funkcjonowania. Dotychczas uważano, że Wieża powstała w 2. ćwierci XIV w., kiedy to rozbudowano kościół zamkowy. Najnowsze badania autorów pozwalają domniemać, że już w XIII w. funkcjonowała w tym miejscu duża wieża zabudowana arkadowo ponad fosą, zaś podczas prac restauracyjnych w XIX wieku C. Steinbrecht rozebrał jej oryginalne fragmenty i postawił nową w innym miejscu.

EN

The paper provides a summary of architectural research on the Klesza Tower, in the High Castle in Malbork. The paper has been divided into two complementary parts. The first part comprises a presentation of the heritage building, the status of research and an analysis the construction history. In part 2, a building modification chronology in an historical context is presented and an attempt is made to hypothetically reconstruct selected phases in relation to building function. To date, it was thought that the Tower was constructed in the second quarter of the 14th century, when the castle church was expanded. The latest research presented by the authors suggests that a large tower surrounded by arcades located above the moat was present in the 13th century. But as part of the restoration work carried out in the 19th century, C. Steinbrecht dismantled the original fragments and built a new tower in a different location.

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Building and conservation works in the castle church in Malbork (2014–2016) as the culmination of half a century of Its restoration

51%

Mierzwiński M.

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2021

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tom Nr 68S

91--101

EN

This paper presents the last stage of the reconstruction of the religious complex at the castle in Malbork, consisting of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the burial chapel of St. Anne and Klesza Tower, which suffered significant damage during the Second World War in 1945. First, the post-war history of the religious complex and its reconstruction from the end of the 1950s, through construction activities recreating the body of the temple in the 1960s, to restoration works on the interior design and furnishings in the 1970s, are discussed briefly. The main focus was placed on the final stage of the reconstruction of this important fragment of the Malbork Castle (implemented in 2014–2016), which ended over five decades of efforts to restore it to its proper form. The paper discusses the criteria and reasons that guided the creators of the reconstruction from the point of view of one of them. The final works were carried out thanks to the support of external funds from the European Financial Mechanism. During the reconstruction, the colossal statue of the Madonna with the Child was also reconstructed, standing in an outer niche of the presbytery, which has not existed since 1945.

PL

W artykule przedstawiony został ostatni etap odbudowy zespołu sakralnego na zamku w Malborku, złożonego z kościoła Najświętszej Marii Panny, kaplicy grzebalnej św. Anny i Wieży Kleszej, w znacznym stopniu zniszczonych podczas II wojny światowej w roku 1945. Najpierw w wielkim skrócie omówiono powojenne dzieje zespołu sakralnego i jego odbudowy, począwszy od końca lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku, poprzez działania budowlane odtwarzające bryłę świątyni w latach sześćdziesiątych po prace konserwatorskie przy wystroju i wyposażeniu wnętrza w latach siedemdziesiątych. Główną uwagę skupiono na końcowym etapie odbudowy tego ważnego fragmentu zamku malborskiego (zrealizowanym w latach 2014–2016), kończącym półwiecze starań o przywrócenie mu należytej formy. Omówiono powody, jakimi kierowali się twórcy odbudowy, z punktu widzenia jednego z nich. Prace końcowe zostały wykonane dzięki wsparciu funduszy pochodzących z Europejskiego Mechanizmu Finansowego. W trakcie odbudowy odtworzono również kolosalny posąg Madonny z Dzieciątkiem stojący w zewnętrznej niszy prezbiterium, nieistniejący od roku 1945.

4

Nauka czytania świata

51%

STOKOWSKI M.

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2017

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nr Dodatek Specjalny. Dziedzictwo w Polsce.

165-168

EN

We learn to read throughout our lives. Our learning how to put together letters written on paper when we are children is just the beginning of a process in which we keep refining our skill of reading various texts of nature and of culture. In Western culture, the most helpful tools for learning to read the world of nature and man are the instruments developed by our ancient forbears, namely universities, libraries, and museums. The meanings of their notions have been redefined over the centuries, but they still remain – in one form or another – the key tools of public education. In recent decades, we have acquired another instrument which can be used for in-depth reading of the world, namely the constellation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The World Heritage List has become a peculiar reading list for civilised man. By analogy to literary canons, which have been created for centuries, the international community has been highlighting the unique value of selected items of cultural and natural heritage for several decades now. Thus they have been creating a canon of ‘cultural and natural texts’ thanks to which we can explore the history and character of our planet, as well as the history of our own species – Homo sapiens. * Malbork Castle entered the ‘world canon of reading’ in 1997. The castle is one of the finest examples of Gothic brick architecture in Europe. It is also a testimony to pioneering restoration achievements at the turn of the 20th century, as well as to the huge effort and artistry of the Polish restorers who raised the “highest mountain of bricks north of the Alps” from ruins after World War II. Most importantly, however, it is a narrative about the dramatic history of Western Christianity. An attentive reader of its walls will be able to find here questions about the spiritual and material foundations of European civilisation, and thus, also questions about war and peace, savagery and culture, power and service, richness and poverty, body and soul. The secret text inscribed in the bricks is multilayered and difficult to read; therefore one of the most crucial missions for the host of this historic building is to help visitors to understand the language of the walls as thoroughly as possible. Since 1961, The Malbork Castle Museum has been the host. It communicates the key messages of the fortress on the Nogat River through exhibitions, the narration passed on by its guides, internet applications, and the information materials available on the institution’s website, as well as books and scientific conferences. These and the other educational activities delivered in the castle and in the media may be likened to ‘making the place more legible,’ bringing out its meanings. However, in addition to making the reading easier for visitors, there is also a need for educational work, such as to offer audiences help in refining their own ‘wall reading’ skills. The Malbork Castle Museum has been pursuing such programmes, especially for children and youth, for a long time. * As in most other European museums, the educational activities in the Malbork Castle are conducted by a specialised Education Department, whose personnel mainly work with children. The activities comprise thematic classes aimed at promoting intellectual and creative interest among the participants. This is delivered by using theatre and singing techniques, as well as historical clothing and props. Experience gained during work with smaller groups of school pupils led to the creation of the Route of the Castle Mysteries, which has been available to a very wide public since 2015, and is addressed to groups of school children, as well as kids accompanied by parents. Instead of the traditional visiting formula, the Castle Museum proposes a twohour historical game. Its participants form teams of knights. Under the care of a qualified guide addressed as the Route Master, each team travels a castle trail, solving a sequence of tasks. Many of them are practical in nature, and require the participants, for example, to discover hidden items, put together replicas of the capitals of columns, or make an architectural structure with their own bodies. Each task solved is rewarded with a letter. At the end of the game, the successive letters put together form a password by means of which children can open a treasure of mysteries. Naturally, young people who participate in the castle game acquire a great deal of information about the fortress on the Nogat, the Teutonic Order, the Kingdom of Poland, and the culture of the Middle Ages. What is equally important, however, is that during the adventure children come to realise the importance of a careful examination of reality, linking facts together, searching for solutions, and drawing their own conclusions. * The Malbork Castle Museum has another tool helpful in teaching young visitors to read the walls on their own, namely the Young Circle of Friends of the Castle. It has been active for more than three decades and works with secondary school students grouped by age. The training sessions, which are free of charge, are attended exclusively by individual volunteers and not school classes, with the weekly sessions of each group lasting approximately ninety minutes. The Museum treats the activity as a public service. During the first 6-month period, the classes focus on the history of the Teutonic Order, while in the second, those attending explore the entire complex of castle buildings. In the season which follows, they mainly deal with topics related to Malbork after 1466. Young people learn about the Polish garrison of the castle, as well as construction techniques, writing, religious life, hygiene, and medicine in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The focus of the third season is on reading old and contemporary poetic texts, which is intended to be a bridge to the reading of the substance of the castle. During this exercise young people become aware that the fortress is, in fact, a grand, multi-layered book on Western civilisation. The Club’s classes are not based on the written word, image and exploration of the castle alone. They also involve historical games and workshops. Other activities include field trips around the Malbork area, which are helpful in understanding the geographical, natural and economic context of the castle. Some of these activities are organised in collaboration with educators and youth from other countries. * The members of the team of educators teach children and youth how to read the medieval walls not only to pass on knowledge about Malbork. They work in the hope that thanks to reading the medieval buildings, young people will find it easier to read many other ‘texts of culture and nature’ on their own, both in Poland and worldwide. This is done as an expression of the conviction that reading schoolbooks is not enough to become a responsible heiress to the heritage of our civilisation and a rational inhabitant of the Earth. Indeed, we need also read stones and bricks, musical instruments and vehicles, the lines of roads and channels, the layout of buildings, towns and gardens, human gestures, the colour of leaves, the silence of the forest, the power of canyons, the blessed presence of animals and oceans. Without this skill we are losing our chance of living a conscious life full of delight – after all this is the only life we have on this, the third planet from the Sun.

5

Dni Cesarskie i poświęcenie kościoła na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku w 1902 r.

51%

Dobry A.

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nr 1 (16)

56-71

EN

The Kaiser’s Days and consecration of the church in the High Castle in Malbork in 1902 In 1882–1901, the High Castle in Malbork was reconstructed under supervision of Con¬rad Steinbrecht. The end of the works was celebrated with consecrating the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary during the Kaiser’s Days in 1902. The celebration was an important element of the German state’s historically-oriented policy adopted by Wilhelm II which included also the history of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The celebration was held in a lofty atmosphere and attended by the most important representatives of the authorities, guests from abroad including representatives of the Order of St. John and the Order of Brothers of the German House from Vienna as well as members of the imperial family. The official part of the celebration was held in the church while a banquet was held in the Middle Castle, the eastern wing and the Grand Refectory. The words uttered during the party by the monarch had considerable repercussions throughout Europe, especially among Polish people.

6

Teoria konserwatorska a dostępność zabytków /na przykładzie Zamku Wysokiego w Malborku

41%

Bukal G. , Kowalska A.

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2022

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tom Nr 13

85--100

PL

Obowiązująca Ustawa z dnia 19 lipca 2019 r. o zapewnianiu dostępności osobom ze szczególnymi potrzebami zawiera formułuje wymagania dotyczące wszystkich budynków, bez różnicowania ich pod względem wartości zabytkowych. Celem tekstu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problem niespójności między wymaganiami zawartymi w Ustawie, a współczesnymi zasadami ochrony zabytków. Przyjęty w tekście ogólny podział budynków zabytkowych pod względem ich podatności na usuwanie barier skonfrontowano z przykładem Zamku Wysokiego w Malborku, stanowiącego część kompleksu zamkowego (Muzeum Zamkowego w Malborku), wpisanego na listę dziedzictwa światowego UNESCO.

EN

The current Polish Law of July 19, 2019 on Ensuring Accessibility for Persons with Special Needs formulates requirements for all buildings, without differentiating them in terms of historic values. The purpose of the text is to draw attention to the problem of inconsistency between the requirements of the Law and modern principles of historic preservation. The general division of historic buildings adopted in the text in terms of their susceptibility to barrier removal is confronted with the example of the High Castle in Malbork, which is part of the castle complex (Malbork Castle Museum), listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.