The creation of proper acoustic conditions inside sacral buildings depends on a few factors. The essential thing which influences on acoustic quality of such buildings is the sound level of external disturbances. In proper result of sound level of external disturbances measurements were shown. The proposition of single-numbered index method of acoustic assessment sacral's buildings was shown. The one of the partial indices - the external disturbances index was given in the paper. The applying and comparison of acoustic property of a few churches by proposed index were shown.
PL
Kształtowanie warunków akustycznych obiektów sakralnych zależy od wielu czynników. Istotny wpływ na jakość akustyczną tego typu wnętrz ma poziom dźwięku zakłóceń zewnętrznych. W referacie pokazano wyniki badań poziomu dźwięków zakłócających w kilku obiektach sakralnych. Przedstawiono propozycję jednoliczbowej wskaźnikowej metody oceny jakości akustycznej obiektów sakralnych. Omówiono jeden ze wskaźników cząstkowych - wskaźnik zakłóceń zewnętrznych. Pokazano zastosowanie i porównanie właściwości akustycznych kilku wybranych wnętrz kultu religijnego za pomocą proponowanego wskaźnika zakłóceń zewnętrznych.
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The paper describes results of experimental investigations of condensation of the refrigerant R404A in the flow through a coiled tube under conditions of external disturbances that occur in refrigeration units. The development and decay of condensation is induced by impulse changes of parameters of the two-phase system, such as pressure and mass flux density in the tubular channel. It is confirmed that the two-phase systems exhibit wave properties and that the disturbances propagate with finite velocities. Experiment-based correlations are obtained to describe the propagation of disturbances during development and decay of condensation of the refrigeration medium in the tubular channel.
A novel fault-tolerant tracking control scheme based on an adaptive robust observer for non-linear systems is proposed. Additionally, it is presumed that the non-linear system may be faulty, i.e., affected by actuator and sensor faults along with the disturbances, simultaneously. Accordingly, the stability of the robust observer as well as the fault-tolerant tracking controller is achieved by using the ℋ∞ approach. Furthermore, unknown actuator and sensor faults and states are bounded by the uncertainty intervals for estimation quality assessment as well as reliable fault diagnosis. This means that narrow intervals accompany better estimation quality. Thus, to cope with the above difficulty, it is assumed that the disturbances are over-bounded by an ellipsoid. Consequently, the performance and correctness of the proposed fault-tolerant tracking control scheme are verified by using a non-linear twin-rotor aerodynamical laboratory system.
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