The archaeological excavations in Staw, Czarnożyły commune, Wieluń county, at site 3 embraced an area of 190 ares and revealed a total of 536 features of varied function and chronology. The site provided a large amount of relic material mainly in the form of ceramic flakes, flint artefacts, pugging and metal items. The recorded flint material bears testimony to human presence in the area since the end of the Palaeolithic. Also traces of Mesolithic and Neolithic communities were revealed, which bore relation to the Funnel beaker culture, as well as settlement of the Trzciniec culture. The majority of the relics can be attributed to the settlement of the early Lusatian culture from the 3rd-4th period of the Bronze Age. Other findings included materials of the Przeworsk culture from the end of the younger pre-Roman period and the beginning of the Roman period, as well as from the Middle Ages – both the early (9th-10th century) and the late (second half of the 14th and the 15th century).
The paper presents an analysis of a ring with knot-like protuberances (Knotenringe) made of copper alloy which was discovered in 2000 at the early medieval settlement at Wolin 4. A few artefacts of this type are known from sites of the Oksywie and Przeworsk cultures, dated to phases A2–A3 of the younger pre-Roman period. Their presence is linked to the influence of Celtic oppida in Slovakia. The discovery of the ring on an early medieval settlement with no relation to older settlement gives grounds to consider it as a result of recycling and attempts to reuse the raw material.
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