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Składniki kalkulacyjne cen w budownictwie. Cz.3 Podstawy sporządzania kosztorysów

100%

Welk R.

Budownictwo i Prawo

1999

tom R. 3, nr 5

4--7

Study on failure modes and calculation method of the cast steel joint with branches in treelike structure

84%

Chen F. , Sun Y. , Sun S. , Song D. , Liu Y.

2024

tom Vol. 70, nr 1

589--604

The treelike structure links members and transfers loads via its solitary cast steel joint with branches. Therefore, the joint’s bearing capacity significantly affects the treelike structure’s stability, security, and economics. This paper utilized experimental verification and numerical modeling to examine the mechanical behavior of cast-steel joints with branches in the treelike structure under various loading conditions. Then, researchers investigated the failure process and mechanism of joints, and the three most common failure modes were outlined. Furthermore, the researchers proposed the bearing capacity calculation formula based on the common failure modes. The results show that the three common failure modes of the cast-steel joints with branches under different loading conditions are the failure in the joint core area under the axial load, the failure in the main pipe compression side under eccentric load, and the failure in the compression side of the single branch pipe root when the single branch pipe is under the uneven load. The suggested empirical calculation method can serve as a reference point for similar engineering practices design.

Why can metrics of multichannel consumer behaviour be useful?

84%

Mącik R.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

2017

tom nr 4

61--69

Multi-channel consumer behaviour has become an everyday reality. Increasing numbers of purchasing processes are carried out using more than one channel. However, there are no commonly used measures of multichannel consumer behaviour intensity. The article attempts to fill this gap – it proposes two primary indices for the intensity of multi-channel behaviours: in a specific purchasing process (MCA_IPI – in two variants) and for many purchasing processes (MCA_MPI). The last measure looks particularly promising as being a normalised to the 0-1 range index, and independent of the number of analysed channels as well as the separate stages of the purchasing process. Proposed measures have practical applications – they allow to segment the buyers regarding the intensity of multi-channel behaviours and to observe changes in the structure of channel use by buyers over the time.