Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Co-housing as the way to achieve a good density in the cities – Warsaw case study

100%

Kosk K.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2017

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tom Vol. 8, no. 3

31--39

EN

Constant population growth in urban areas is one of the main global problems, and its importance grows with the depletion of non-renewable resources. The efficient, effective and responsible use of land is supposed to be an aim, the achievement of which will profit cities. The crucial question is, how cities can achieve this aim. The author of this article intends to discuss the individual problems which prevent achieving an appropriate density in Warsaw, and find ways of solving or reducing these problems. A proposed main hypothesis is, that the introduction of an alternative type of housing, namely co-housing can become a way to obtain a good density in the cities. Confirmation of this hypothesis is derived on the basis of the analysis of residential estates created following the rules of co-housing developed in Germany, in relation to similar problems. The purpose of the article was also to remind that Warsaw has a rich tradition in creating social efforts developments. The main social ideas was presented on the basic of the project of Polish housing estate designed in the Rakowiec district in Warsaw by H. and Sz. Syrkus, which was established in 1934-1938 The research part of the article was conducted through a comparison of spatial elements of Warsaw, employing the same criteria, which were adopted based on the several, selected characteristics of good density published in the ULI report, such as: mixed use of land, planned, cohesive, liveable, spacious, flexibility, design, green. The conducted comparison demonstrates, that Warsaw has a lot of different problems with obtaining a good density. These are: mono-functional areas in the suburbs, social disparity, the housing market dominated by developers, lack of enough, well-arranged public spaces combined with residential areas, lack of identity neighborhoods, insufficient attention to the local context in the process of designing new buildings, insufficient attention to the environment in terms of creation of buildings, too little green spaces and gardens in the inner city. The presented analyses show that the introducing concept of co-housing can help Warsaw with obtaining a good density. In order to obtain a high quality of the urban space, decisions regarding it should therefore be made simultaneously on three scales: spatial planning, urban planning and architectural planning. Architecture must cooperate with the existing urban fabric. All users of urban life should participate in its creation: development companies, municipal authorities that are responsible for spatial order, architects and residents.

2

Posiadanie pośrednie (cz. II)

70%

Żuralski M.

Rejent

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2022

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nr 6 (374)

38-106

EN

The article presents Polish construction of indirect possession. In particular the author explains the concept of cause of possession (causa possessionis), the complex nature of Polish non-owner's possession, subjective and objective factors of indirect possession relating to detention or second possession, and difference between double possession and copossession.

3

Umowa o udostępnienie skrytki bankowej w prawie niemieckim

60%

Budzinowska M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2016

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tom 78

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nr 3

79-91

EN

The deliberations in this paper focus on an analysis of a bank safe deposit box agreement under German law, with special attention to its legal character. Among the basic duties of a bank is ensuring that clients have access to a safe deposit box during bank opening hours and the protection of the box itself. The bank’s clients, on the other hand, are responsible for paying respective safe deposit box rentals. The major rights include the possibility of an early termination of the safe deposit rental agreement without notice available to the bank and the possibility of accessing the box for the client. The concept that an agreement with a bank to use a safe deposit box is in the nature of a rental agreement has prevailed in relevant literature.

PL

Rozważania zawierają analizę najważniejszych elementów umowy sejfowej w prawie niemieckim, że szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej charakteru prawnego. Do podstawowych obowiązków banku należy umożliwienie klientowi dostępu do skrytki w godzinach pracy banku oraz zapewnienie ochrony samej skrytce. Natomiast do podstawowych obowiązków klienta należy uiszczanie czynszu. Z kolei do najważniejszych uprawnień banku zalicza się możliwość rozwiązania umowy bez zachowania terminów wypowiedzenia, klient zaś ma prawo używać skrytki w godzinach pracy banku. W literaturze z największą aprobatą spotkała się koncepcja, według której umowa o udostępnienie skrytki sejfowej ma charakter umowy najmu. W podsumowaniu autorka stwierdza m.in., że określenie charakteru prawnego umowy sejfowej ściśle związane jest z funkcją, jaką przypisuje się tej umowie. Jeśli przyjmuje się, że podstawowe znaczenie w umowie sejfowej ma obowiązek banku polegający na udostępnieniu klientowi skrytki, to wówczas umowa ta bliska jest umowie najmu i tak może zostać zakwalifikowana. Gdyby natomiast stwierdzić, że podstawową funkcją, a co za tym idzie ‒ także najważniejszym obowiązkiem banku jest zapewnienie pieczy nad skrytką, to wówczas ciężar omawianej kwalifikacji przesuwa się w kierunku umowy przechowania.