Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Physical modelling of changes in the energy impact on a worker taking into account high-temperature radiation

100%

Ragimov S. , Sobyna V. , Vambol S. , Vambol V. , Feshchenko A. , Zakora A. , Strejekurov E. , Shalomov V.

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tom Vol. 91, nr 1

27--33

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is development of an experimental installation and definition the intensity of thermal irradiation at workplaces to ensure safety under condition of increased thermal radiation. This purpose is justified as follows. Human health and well-being depend to a large extent on conditions of the internal environment of the premises, which affect the heat exchange of workers with the surrounding surfaces. With this the spectral composition and intensity of irradiation are also important for assessing the effect of thermal radiation. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation was carried out using special experimental device. Uniformly lit semitransparent screen was used as a source of thermal radiation source. We used photo film with heat flow sensor ДТП 02 – ДТП 03 developed by Institute of Engineering Thermophysics under Academy of Science of Ukraine as model of the elementary surface of human body. Findings: Based on results of conducted research and optimization, we propose protective compositors that are nonflammable. This fact allows the increase in safety of facilities during operation and evacuation routes in emergency case due to high-temperature effects. Research limitations/implications: In this study, was focused on the dependence of the local angular coefficient of irradiation and maximum thermal loads, as well as the transition from indirect measurements to direct ones. This allows us to predict working conditions by the thermal factor in the workplace. Practical implications: The results of this study can be recommended to the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Industry for the development to reduce the incidence of occupational morbidity among workers who work under conditions of exposure of thermal radiation. Originality/value: It was disclosed that it is possible to determine the distance to the source of thermal radiation from the point of measurement and the angle at which the source of thermal radiation is visible with high accuracy. Moreover, measurement point may be located at a distance safe for the researcher.

2

Evaluation of computer workstations ergonomics and its relationship with reported musculoskeletal and visual symptoms among university employees in Jordan

86%

Shahwan B. S. , D'emeh W. M. , Yacoub M. I.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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tom 35

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nr 2

141-156

EN

ObjectivesComputer workstations are considered a potential workplace hazard. This study sought to evaluate computer workstation ergonomics in a university office environment, and to determine its relationship with musculoskeletal (MS) and visual symptoms reported by employees.Material and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 231 university employees were recruited using a stratified random sampling technique. By means of direct observation, computer workstations were evaluated using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Ergonomic Computer Workstation Evaluation Checklist. In addition, the participants reported MS and visual symptoms during the past week and 12 months by completing questionnaires.ResultsSeveral ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstations were identified. Seating, working area, and keyboard and input devices had the most documented deficits. A significant proportion of employees reported various MS symptoms during the past 12 months. The most affected body parts were the shoulders (37%), the lower back (34%), and the neck (29%). The most prevalent visual symptom was tired eyes (68%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that MS symptoms, such as ache, pain and discomfort, were significantly associated with the total scores on the OSHA components. Deficits in monitor ergonomics and its placement, particularly the presence of glare reflected on the screen, were also associated with reported visual symptoms. Independent variables, such as gender, age, employment duration, job type, daily computer work hours, and work pattern, reliably predicted the participants’ reported experience of various MS and visual symptoms.ConclusionsBoth MS and visual symptoms are associated with deficits in computer workstation ergonomics. Appropriate strategies, work practices, and preventive measures are needed to eliminate occupational hazards associated with computer workstations.

3

Safety and health at the workplace in the context of COVID-19: the case of a dental clinic

86%

Čiutienė R. , Čiarnienė R. , Gaidelys V.

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2022

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tom Vol. 14, no. 2

95--105

EN

Governments of different countries and healthcare organisations working in various areas face enormous challenges when trying to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and protect employees, their families and communities. Workplaces can be high-risk environments in terms of the virus outbreak and transmission. This paper aims to disclose the ways for workplace safety improvement in dentistry in the context of COVID-19. The authors present the theoretical model of workplace safety improvement with regard to COVID-19 infection prevention and control measures. The expectations, fears and tasks of dental employees at their workplace in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated based on the systematic literature review and the qualitative empirical study conducted in Lithuania. The study disclosed that unmet employee expectations could lead to different kinds of fear; the most common sources of anxiety are linked to a higher risk of getting infected, a lack or misuse of protection measures and inadequately performed work. Occupational risks are closely related to the components of a workplace system. Therefore, it is important to apply a holistic approach to improve workplace safety, enhance work performance and minimise the negative effects on an employee, an organisation, a patient and a society.

4

Methods for controlling temperature hazard in Polish coal mines

72%

Szlęzak N. , Obracaj D. , Borowski M.

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tom Vol. 53, no 4

497-510

EN

Polish underground coal mining is facing more and more difficult climatic conditions at work places every year. In the nearest future these conditions may be expected to get even worse as mining is started at deeper levels and is even more concentrated. This article discusses present climatic conditions in Polish coal mines. The sources of heat load and ways of heat transfer into excavations are discussed. The methods for improving thermal conditions are characterized as well as their ineffectiveness in mines with a great temperature hazard. The methods of air conditioning in underground mines are characterized. The examples of refrigeration and air conditioning systems in Polish mines are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of these systems in Polish mining conditions are given. The directions in which airconditioning may head towards are determined on the basis of air conditioning systems that are being implemented at the moment.

PL

Górnictwo podziemne w Polsce z roku na rok boryka się z coraz trudniejszymi warunkami klimatycznymi na stanowiskach pracy. W najbliższej przyszłości należy się liczyć z dalszym pogarszaniem tych warunków w wyniku schodzenia z eksploatacją na głębsze poziomy oraz w wyniku zwiększania koncentracji wydobycia. W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan zagrożenia klimatycznego w polskich kopalniach. Omówiono źródła i sposoby dopływu strumienia ciepła do wyrobisk górniczych. Scharakteryzowano stosowane obecnie metody poprawy warunków pracy w kopalniach o dużym zagrożeniu temperaturowym. Przedstawiono przykłady systemów klimatyzacji w polskich kopalniach oraz ich wady i zalety. Na przykładzie aktualnie wdrażanych systemach klimatyzacji w polskich kopalniach określono kierunki rozwoju klimatyzacji.

5

Bezpieczeństwo pracowników w miejscu pracy wobec zagrożenia mobbingiem

72%

Durniat K.

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nr 3-4(128) „Nowe trendy i różnorodność w bezpieczeństwie pracy"

99-110

PL

Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny i dotyczy problematyki bezpieczeństwa pracowników w miejscu pracy w obliczu zagrożenia mobbingiem. Treść opracowania odwołuje się do wyników badań przeprowadzonych w 2014 roku we Wrocławiu na celowo dobranej próbie14 specjalistów HR i 1 działacza związków zawodowych. Zrealizowane badania miały charakter jakościowy (ustrukturyzowane wywiady) i stanowiły element globalnego (udział 15 krajów świata) projektu badawczego „Workplace Bullying Culture Matters”. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań polskich, które zostały odniesione do istniejących w naszym kraju uregulowań prawnych (Ustawa z dnia 14 listopada 2003…) oraz polskiej i międzynarodowej literatury przedmiotu. Zaprezentowane wyniki i podjęta dyskusja skłaniają do wysnucia wielu wniosków naukowych i implementacyjnych związanych z praktyką ZZL oraz sposobami ochrony pracowników przed mobbingiem.

EN

The paper is empirical in character. It looks at the safety of Polish employees with respect to the threat of workplace mobbing. It is based on the results of research conducted in Wrocław in 2014 on a specially selected sample of fourteen human resource specialists and one trade union activist. The study was qualitative in character (structured interviews) and was an element of a major international research project—Workplace Bullying Culture Matters (WBCM)—in which fifteen countries from around the world participated. The study presents selected Polish findings making reference to legal regulations in effect in Poland as well as Polish and international literature on the subject. The presented results as well as discussion foster the forwarding of many scientific and implementation–oriented conclusions connected with HRM practice as well as ways of protecting employees against mobbing.

6

Rozwój elektrohydraulicznego systemu sterowania typu DOH-Matic dla zmechanizowanej obudowy ścianowej

72%

Szurgacz D. , Węgrzyn S.

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tom R. 26, nr 7/8

34--37

PL

Podstawowym kierunkiem rozwoju automatyzacji kompleksu ścianowego jest rozwój sterowania elektrohydraulicznego umożliwiającego automatyzację pracy zmechanizowanej obudowy ścianowej. W prezentowanym artykule opisano doświadczenia uzyskane z badań własnych nad rozwojem nowego systemu elektrohydraulicznego sterowania DOH-Matic dla zmechanizowanej obudowy ścianowej. Opracowany system sterowania ma zapewnić zwiększenie wydajności wydobycia z zachowaniem wymaganego bezpieczeństwa pracy. Proponowane rozwiązanie umożliwia również pracę obudowy zmechanizowanej w różnych trybach pracy automatycznej według indywidualnych potrzeb użytkownika.

EN

The basie direction in the development of automation of the longwall system is the development of electrohydraulic control enabling the automation of the operation of the powered roof support. The presented article describes the experience obtained from own research on the development of a new electrohydraulic control system DOH-Matic for a powered roof support. The developed control system is intended to inerease mining efficiency while maintaining the required work safety. The proposed solution also enables the powered roof support to operate in various automatic modes according to the individual needs of the user.

7

Methodology for multi-criteria assessment of working conditions as an object of qualimetry

58%

Trishch R. , Cherniak O. , Kupriyanov O. , Luniachek V. , Tsykhanovska I.

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2021

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tom Vol. 13, no. 2

107--114

EN

The article considers several modern scientific papers substantiating the need for assessing workplace safety and focusing on methods applied for the quantitative assessment of working conditions. The analysis found unsolved problems in qualimetry, which could lead to the development of new practical and generally applicable methods to effectively assess working conditions. The analysis proved the relevance of the topic and helped to determine the aim of the article, i.e., the development of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of working conditions in industries, considering harmful production factors. An exponential distribution, which belongs to the theory of extreme statistics, was proposed for the transition of heterogeneous single indicators of harmful factors into a dimensionless scale. Affine transformations were used to combine dissimilar scales, making it possible to divide segments on dissimilar scales into equal proportions. The article proposes a step-by-step method for determining a complex indicator of working conditions in industries. The proposed methodology allows management decisions that minimise the deviation in actual values of harmful factors from the optimal ones. The developed technique was tested at one specific metallurgical production site.

8

Isotherm maps of virgin rock temperature in collieries of Katowicki Holding Węglowy

58%

Cygankiewicz J. , Knechtel J.

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tom Vol. 13, iss. 4

1--4

EN

Purpose Assessing the level of heat hazard in rock mass. Measurements of virgin rock temperature were made in 89 active workings of collieries located in the area of Katowicki Holding Węglowy. Methods Experimental method – in situ measurements, the results of the measurements are developed with the least square method. Using maps of the coal seams in the collieries, coordinates (x, y, z) of measurement points were determined, and then, by utilizing a surface map, the geodetic height of the physical surface over the measurement points was determined. The next stage was to analyse geological cross-sections; the thickness of stratigraphic layers i.e. overburden, carboniferous rocks and the total thickness of the coal seams located above the measurement points was determined. Coefficients characterising heat transport in the aforementioned types of rock were calculated using the least square method. By re-analysing geological cross-sections we determined the thickness of the previously mentioned stratigraphic layers for the locations, where rock temperature was to be determined. Virgin rock temperature was calculated for five levels in approximately 200 locations of Katowicki Holding Węglowy. Results Using these locations, isotherm maps of virgin rock temperatures in the collieries of Katowicki Holding Węglowy for the following levels were prepared: –450 m, –550 m, –650 m, –750 m and –850 m. Practical implications Preparing climate forecasts for the collieries of Katowicki Holding Węglowy. Originality/ value Developing a method to determine rock temperature in a point which cannot be reached, when values of the temperature in other points are known.