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Polskie kolejnictwo wojskowe i ewakuacja w trakcie drugiej ofensywy Tuchaczewskiego w 1920 roku

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Kaczmarski P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

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2023

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nr 114

123-146

EN

Polish military railways played important role in the Russo-Polish War of 1919–1920. It provided efficient railway lines evacuation during the Second Tukhachevsky offensive in the summer of 1920 in the territories of modern Belarus, Lithuania and eastern Poland. The severe damages made, made the supplying of the Russian troops much more difficult. Evacuation was not an easy task due to many reasons: lack of personnel, bad shape of railway infrastructure, worn out rolling stock, and the fast pace of Russian assault. Using two different track gauges was also problematic, and it forced the reforging of many kilometers of rail tracks. Despite the great chaos and disorganization, Polish military railways fulfilled their task of saving many people, huge amount of war material and rolling stock.

PL

Polskie kolejnictwo wojskowe odegrało ważną rolę podczas wojny polsko-rosyjskiej 1919–1920. W trakcie drugiej ofensywy Tuchaczewskiego, latem 1920 r., zapewniło sprawną ewakuację linii kolejowych na terenach dzisiejszej Białorusi, Litwy i wschodniej Polski. Poczynione rozległe zniszczenia znacznie utrudniły zaopatrywanie wojsk rosyjskich. Ewakuacja nie była łatwym zadaniem ze względu na liczne trudności: niedostatek kadr, słaby stan infrastruktury kolejowej, zużyty tabor kolejowy, szybkie tempo rosyjskiego natarcia. Problematyczne było również używanie dwóch różnych rozstawów szyn, co zmuszało do przekuwania wielu kilometrów torów. Pomimo wielkiego chaosu i dezorganizacji polskie kolejnictwo wojskowe wykonało zadanie i zdołało ocalić wielu ludzi oraz wywieźć wiele materiału wojennego, a także taboru kolejowego.

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Literatura a strategia: relacje o wojnie 1920 roku Stanisława Rembeka, Eugeniusza Małaczewskiego oraz Izaaka Babla

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Pąkciński M.

Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej

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2011

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nr 17

123-138

EN

The text is a reflection on the relationship between the way of war (strategy, tactics, morale of the army, the rhetoric of propaganda used in accounts of its subject) and the techniques and the broader, cultural, literary and sociological connotations of “reports” from the battlefield. The object of research is the work of these writers „bataliści” (in the broad sense, meaning the presenting of war events and their interpretation), in particular — the difference in the description of the same struggle, viewed from different (opposing) perspectives. Article seeks to discuss among other issues concerning the reflection of strategy individual line units involved in the struggle in the literary descriptions of these battles. The hidden premise of interpretation is raised by the theory of gender and feminist literary history conviction about the relationship between narrative and the war ("Iliada"), typical for the patriarchal cultural formation.

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Językowo-wizualny obraz wroga i swojego – wojna plakatowa 1920 roku

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Misiak M.

Dzieje Najnowsze

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2021

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tom 53

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nr 4

55-66

EN

The article is devoted to the Polish-Bolshevik propagada war of 1920. A crucial part of this struggle were posters, often created by outstanding and recognised artists. The author analyses Polish and Bolshevik posters, both in visual and linguistic terms.

PL

Artykuł został poświęcony propagandowym zmaganiom polsko-bolszewickim w 1920 r. Ich niezwykle istotnym fragmentem były plakaty tworzone często przez wybitnych i uznanych plastyków, których sylwetki przedstawiono. Analizie zostały poddane plakaty tak polskie, jak i bolszewickie, zarówno w warstwie wizualnej, jak i językowej.

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„Z ostatnich chwil bohatera”. Podporucznik Jan Antoni Władysław Hernich (10.03.1899-1.08.1920)

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Siwiec-Cielebon M.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

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2020

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nr 23

55-76

EN

Jan Antoni Władysław Hernich (1899-1920) was a native of Wadowice and a pupil of the Wadowice Secondary School, a legionnaire and later an officer of the 12th Wadowice Land Infantry Regiment. He died on August 1st, 1920 in the battle of Leszniów in Volhynia, as the only officer of this regiment born in Wadowice, the town where the regiment was formed and which later became its peaceful garrison. The battle fought by the 12th IR against the 1st Horse Army of Siemion Budionny for the rebound of Leszniów occupied by the Bolsheviks was part of the Polish Army’s operation to regain Brody and stop the Bolshevik army in its march to Lviv. The Wadowice Land Infantry Regiment played an important and glorious role in this operation, and the anniversary of beating the Bolsheviks near Leszniów was later celebrated as the 12th IR, and the figure of Jan Hernich was considered a hero of the regiment. The article recalls the fate of a young hero – a contemporary Wadowician completely unknown – who as a young boy engaged in the struggle for Polish independence, and brie y describes the four-day struggle of the regiment between Beresteczko and Brody. There is also a memoir of one of Jan Hernich’s colleagues, who described the death of his friend in 1924 in the regiment’s commemorative publication. The author of the article, on the example of the losses of the 12th IR in the battle of Leszniów, also pointed out the contradictions in the records concerning the regiment’s war losses given in various sources and publications.