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"Życie nie lubi próżni operacyjnej". Działalność Służby Bezpieczeństwa w środowisku ukraińskim w województwie olsztyńskim w latach 1975-1989

100%

Słabig A.

nr 4(286)

467-508

With a population of approx. 33,000 people Ukrainian minority in shorten as a result of administrative reform Olsztyn province was a long time the subject of intense operational activities of the local security apparatus. The efforts of the secret political police coordinated within the framework of the so-called. case object, code-named “Beskid” which continued until January 1990. It places special emphasis on the control of the Ukrainian Socio-Cultural Society (basically the only official organization of the Polish Ukrainians), cell Ukrainian student movement, education institutions with the Ukrainian language of instruction, the Greek Catholic pastoral and contacts with the Ukrainian diaspora in the West. The measures taken most often justified the need to “protect” the Ukrainian community against the “nationalist activity”, that efforts to stem the polonization and strengthen their own cultural identity, which was accompanied by criticism of the political system. Despite the long-term, strong emphasis of the special services, the environment Ukrainian Warmia and Mazury was protected his identity and organizational achievements. This was due to many reasons: national policy easing after the lifting of martial law, strengthening the position of the Roman Catholic Church (and therefore functioning in the framework of the Greek-Catholic rite), and finally aware of the activities of the Ukrainian community leaders to improve the position of his countrymen. The political breakthrough began in 1989. With time brought the liquidation of the communist security apparatus and radical change in the position of Ukrainians in Poland.

KRONIKA. Województwo olsztyńskie (1953-56)

100%

Golakowski J.

nr 2

140-143

Działacze społeczni a rozwój piłki nożnej w województwie olsztyńskim w latach 1945–1989

63%

Urniaż J. , Jurgielewicz-Urniaż M.

tom 45

25-33

This article attempts to trace out the operation of social activists and their responsibility for the development of football in 1945–1989 in the province of Olsztyn. In the early post-war years, soccer teams were created by newly established institutions and companies. This situation led to trade particularism, strong support of football players and the occurrence of behavior problems. At the same time, not much work was accomplished in the training matters. After October 1956, changes in the model of physical culture spurred social activities in the country. Thus the central provision of football development encouraged social activists in the Olsztyn area to create a cozy environment for their operation. With a large number of teams in the province, it quickly became the largest and most demanding group. They claimed financial support, often not being controlled. During those years, there was no clear long-term concept of football development. The provincial sports authorities and the political party were to be blamed for the state of affairs. All this situation contributed to the “sloppiness” of football in the region.