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EN
Easy-to-clean and easy-to-disinfect surfaces play a key role in keeping the right sanitary and hygienic standards in hospitals, veterinary clinics and food processing plants. In recent years, due to the development of nanotechnology, self-cleaning and self-disinfecting surfaces are applied on an increasing scale. They are covered by photocatalytic surfaces made of nanomaterials (NMs) on which, upon exposure to the ultraviolet radiation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can take place. Those processes present an effective method of bacteria eradication. One of the most studied AOPs in relation to microorganism eradication is the TiO₂/ UV-process, where titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as a photocatalyst, and the ultraviolet radiation (UV) is used as an agent generating free radicals. The high efficiency of the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria inactivation by the methods using photocatalytic properties of nano-sized TiO₂ (nano-TiO₂) contributes towards its increasing application. Disinfection based on free radicals reactions is considered to become one of the most promising tools to solve difficult problems related to hygiene and public health protection in the near future.
EN
Every year, several millions of people all over the world are diagnosed with cancer. Despite the tremendous development of medical sciences, a remarkable number of people die due to late diagnosis or ineffective cancer therapy. Since most of the tumors are highly resistant to drugs, research for new effective therapy methods is continuing. Great expectations for a breakthrough in the fight against cancer are attributed to nanotechnology. A new interdisciplinary field of science dealing with the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) that are variously applied, e.g. in nanomedicine. NPs and NMs have gained an increased consideration in cancer therapy in recent years, performing as carriers of medicine, as well as photo- or sonosensitisers, compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by ultraviolet light (UV) excitation or ultrasound (US) activation, respectively. Targeted therapy is based upon the attachment of specific ligands or antibodies to nanoparticles. This process guarantees not only increased therapy efficiency, but it also lowers the cytoand genotoxicity of the active compound towards the healthy cells. Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) presents an example of a substance with an increasing role in the eradication of tumor cells. Currently, studies are conducted to examine its application, i.e. in the cancer fighting photo- and sonodynamic therapies.
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