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EN
Early prediction of crop yields on large cropland areas is of a great importance for operational planning in the agrarian sector of economy and ensuring food security. Large-scale forecasts became possible owing to the introduction of remote sensing technologies in the systems of precision agriculture, providing the information on crops conditions both on a certain field and large croplands. The study on the forecasting of major oil crop yields, namely, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), winter rape (Brássica nápus) and soybean (Glycine max), on the regional level in Kherson oblast of Ukraine was conducted using historical yielding data and monthly MODIS Terrain NDVI smoothed time series imagery with 250 m resolution of the period from 2012 to 2019. The statistical data on the crop yields were linked to the corresponding values of monthly NDVI to determine the type of inter-relationship and work out the regression models for the oil crops yield prediction based on the remotely sensed vegetation index. The highest correlation between the yields of the oil crops and NDVI with the best prediction accuracy were obtained by using the index values at the period of April for winter rape, July for sunflower, and August for soybean. The developed regression models have reasonable accuracy with the mean absolute percentage errors of predictions reaching 25.23 percent for sunflower, 18.28 percent for winter rape, and 13.24 percent for soybean. The models are easy in use and might be recommended for introduction in theory and practice of precision agriculture.
EN
At present, there are burning issues concerning waste utilization of the agro-industrial complex, rational usage of nature and transition to the use of environmentally friendly and low-waste technologies. One of the most forward-looking areas is the application of the principles of the so-called "green chemistry", in particular, the development of technological processes using renewable raw materials and chemicals, the chemicals with a short half-life and low cost while ensuring maximum efficiency. The article presents the results of antigiberrelic preparation effect, which is characterized by low dosage and half-life in soil from 3 to 43 days on productivity, growth processes, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of white mustard plants and rapeseed. The research shows that CCC-750 reduced the height of mustard and rapeseed plants. Inhibition of growth processes of white mustard plants at the beginning of the flowering phase with an anti-gibberellic preparation led to increased stem branching, which, in its turn, resulted in an increase in the number and area of leaves throughout the growing season. Moreover, the use of quaternary ammonium salt on winter rape plants has led to a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area in comparison to the control samples. The application of the retardant caused an increase in the productivity of the studied cultures due to the increase in the number of pods, the increase in the mass of thousands of seeds and the number of seeds in the pod.
PL
W pracy przeanalizowano potrzeby pokarmowe i nawozowe rzepaku ozimego. Rzepak ozimy należy do roślin w przypadku których pobranie składników pokarmowych na jednostką plonu dwukrotnie przewyższa analogiczne wartości dla roślin zbożowych. Rzepak wykazuje szczególnie wysokie wymagania względem azotu, potasu, a także wapnia, siarki i mikroelementów. Dawki stosowanych nawozów pod tę roślinę zależą od uzyskiwanych plonów, odczynu gleby i jej zasobności w składniki pokarmowe, a także od stosowanej ochrony chemicznej.
EN
In the study nutrional and fertilizer requirement of winter oilseed rape were discussed. In case of winter oilseed rape uptake of nutritients is twice as high as in the case of cereals. One can observe particularly high requirements for nitrogen, potassium and also for calcium, sulphur and micro-components. Dose rate of applied fertilizers depend on the achieved crops, soil reaction, soil nutrient availability and the chemical protection.
EN
Rape acreage and yield are fluctuating. In the paper the potential rape acreage in Poland have been estimated. Profitability analysis of rape and biodiesel has been assessed. The problems with disposing of by-products i. e. rapeseed remains and glycerine have been signalised.
EN
The European Union places great emphasis on the use of renewable energy sources in the energy industries. The share of bio-components in liquid fuels consumption is expected to reach 10% by the end of 2020. A consequence of this regulation is the increased cropping area of rapeseed in Poland. The aim of the study was to quantify the environmental impact associated with winter rape production along the life cycle stages. The method used to calculate the overall environmental profile of rapeseed was the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Analysis was based on the case study of two large-area farms in the Wielkopolska region carried out in the years 2011–2013. Our study showed that fertilizer operation was the largest contributor to the environmental impact categories, representing almost 99 percent of the acidification potential and 77 percent of the global warming potential. Among the components of fertilizing operations, field application of nitrogen fertilizers generated the highest load of greenhouse gas emissions. It is concluded that the data obtained characterizes the conventional type of rapeseed production in the Wielkopolska region and can be used as source material for extending the LCA to the rapeseed processing industry which receive the material from the local suppliers.nts in individual years of observations were positive and correlated statistically significantly.
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