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1

Quantitative evaluation of 1,3,1,6 beta-D-glucan contents in wild-growing species of edible Polish mushrooms

100%

Mironczuk-Chodakowska I. , Witkowska A. M. , Zujko M. E. , Terlikowska K. M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 3

EN

Background. Macrofungal β-glucans are mainly represented by compounds with β-1,3- and β-1,6 glycosidic bonds. They have been shown to have immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Although there are many reports on the bioactivity and structure of fungal glucans, studies on the quantitative assessment of these compounds are sparse. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine total β-glucans and 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan contents in selected species of wild-growing edible Polish mushrooms. Material and methods. Eight species of wild-growing edible mushrooms Boletus pinophilus, Hydnum repandum, Craterellus cornucopioides, Suillus variegatus, Suillus granulatus, Gyroporus cyanescens, Tricholomopsis rutilans, and Auricularia auricula-judae and one species of cultivated mushroom for comparison purposes Agaricus bisporus, were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucans was done using a colorimetric method in accordance with Nitschke et al. Result. Mean total β-glucan content varied from 13.5 g/100 g dry mass in A. bisporus (portobello variety) to 40.9 g/100 g dry mass in T. rutilans. Mean 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan content in the analyzed fruiting bodies ranged from 3.9 g/100 g dry mass in Agaricus bisporus (cremini) to 16.8 g/100 g dry mass in Auricularia auricula-judae (wood ear). The following mushrooms demonstrated the greatest percentage of 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan contents in relation to the total β-glucan content: Gyroporus cyanescens (54%), Suillus granulatus (49.8%), Auricularia auricula-judae (47.9%), and Suillus variegatus (40.6%). Conclusions. Among the analyzed species, wild-growing mushrooms had a generally higher average 1,3-1,6-β-Dglucan content compared with cultivated mushrooms such as A. bisporus. The highest average content of these polysaccharides was observed in medicinal mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae. Comparable 1,3-1,6-β-D-glucan content, in relation to this mushroom species, was found in Gyroporus cyanescens, Suillus granulatus and Suillus variegatus, which points to the possibility of the use of these species of mushrooms as medicinal foods.

PL

Wprowadzenie. β-glukany grzybów wielkoowocnikowych występują głównie w postaci związków o wiązaniach β-1,3 oraz β-1,6 glikozydowych. Wykazano, że posiadają one właściwości immunomodulacyjne, przeciwnowotworowe i przeciwutleniające. Pomimo, że istnieje wiele doniesień na temat bioaktywności i struktury glukanów grzybowych, badania dotyczące ilościowej oceny tych związków są rzadkie. Cel. Celem badań była ocena i oznaczenie całkowitej zawartości β-glukanów oraz 1,3-1,6-β-D-glukanów w wybranych jadalnych gatunkach polskich grzybów dziko rosnących. Materiał i metody. Przebadano osiem gatunków grzybów jadalnych dziko rosnących: borowika sosnowego (Boletus pinophilus), kolczaka obłączastego (Hydnum repandum) lejkowca dętego (Craterellus cornucopioides) maślaka pstrego (Suillus variegatus) maślaka ziarnistego (Suillus granulatus) piaskowca modrzaka (Gyroporus cyanescens), rycerzyka czerwonozłotego (Tricholomopsis rutilans) i uszka bzowego (Auricularia auricula-judae) oraz jeden uprawny – pieczarkę dwuzarodnikową (Agaricus bisporus) w celach porównawczych. Ilościową ocenę 1,3-1,6-β-Dglukanów przeprowadzono metodą kolorymetryczną według Nitschke i wsp. Wyniki. Średnia całkowita zawartość β-glukanów wahała się od 13,5 g/100 g suchej masy w pieczarce dwuzarodnikowej (A. bisporus, odmiany portobello) do 40,9 g/100 g suchej masy w rycerzyku czerwonozłotym (T. rutilans). Średnia zawartość 1,3-1,6-β-D-glukanów w analizowanych owocnikach grzybów wynosiła od 3.9 g/100 g s.m. w pieczarce dwuzarodnikowej (A. bisporus odmiany cremini) do 16,8 g /100 g s.m. w uszaku bzowym (Auricularia auricula-judae). Największy udział 1,3-1,6-β-D-glukanów w stosunku do całkowitej zawartości β-glukanów wykazywały następujące gatunki grzybów: piaskowiec modrzak (Gyroporus cyanescens) (54%), maślak ziarnisty (Suillus granulatus) (49,8%), uszak bzowy (Auricularia auricula-judae) (47,9%) oraz maślak pstry (Suillus variegatus) (40,6%). Wnioski. Pośród analizowanych grzybów, gatunki dziko rosnące charakteryzowały się wyższą średnią zawartością 1,3-1,6-β-D-glukanów w porównaniu do uprawnych – pieczarki dwuzarodnikowej (A. bisporus). Najwyższą średnią zawartość tych polisacharydów stwierdzono w owocnikach grzybów leczniczych – uszak bzowy (Auricularia auricula- judae). Porównywalną zawartość 1,3-1,6-β-D-glukanów, w stosunku do uszaka bzowego, stwierdzono w owocnikach piaskowca modrzaka, maślaka ziarnistego oraz maślaka pstrego, co wskazuje na możliwość wykorzystania tych gatunków grzybów jako żywności funkcjonalnej.

2

Evaluation of tomato wild species for resistance to race T1 nad T3 of Xanthomonas vesicatoria

100%

Sotirova V. G. , Bogatsevska N. S.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2000

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tom 22

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nr 3

3

Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew [Oidium lycopersicum Cooke a. Massee, emend. Noordeloos a. Loerakker] in accessions of three wild species of Lycopersicon

86%

Kozik E. U.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1999

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tom 40

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nr 3

4

Compatibility studies in three wild species of Lycopersicon

86%

Kozik E. U. , Dyki B.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2001

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tom 23

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nr 1

5

The genotype reaction to, and effect of cold treatment on, the in vitro androgenesis of Capsicum spp.

72%

Niklas-Nowak A. , Olszewska D. , Nowaczyk P.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2015

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tom 96

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nr 1

6

Rooting of wild blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cuttings from the Peruvian Northeast

72%

Tejada-Alvarado J. J. , Melendez-Mori J. B. , Vilca-Valqui N. C. , Huaman-Huaman E. , Oliva M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2021

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tom 74

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nr 1

7

Biologia kwitnienia roznych gatunkow z rodzaju Secale L.. Komunikat

72%

Cwiklinska A. , Broda Z. , Kurasiak-Popowska D.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2009

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nr 251

107-120

8

Ellagic acid content in selected wild species of fruit roses

72%

Karczmarz K. , Szmagara A. , Stefaniak E. A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 5

EN

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant, belonging to the group of polyphenolic compounds. It displays a broad spectrum of pro-health effects, ranging from the prevention of cancer to antiviral properties. It is present in many fruit from the rose family (Rosaceae): strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and walnuts as well as cranberries and grapes. The available literature states that the fruit of roses, in addition to their aesthetic and functional applications, also show therapeutic properties, which, among other things, are associated with a high content of polyphenols, including ellagic acid derivatives. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the content of free ellagic acid in the fruit of selected rose species. The test material consisted of freeze-dried sublimation and ground fruit from the following species of roses: R. canina, R. moyesii, R. pendulina. The fruit was separated into two fractions: flesh and seeds. Quantitative analysis of free ellagic acid was carried out by spectrofluorimetry. The free EA was present both in the flesh and in the seeds of the studied species of roses. Its content in the mentioned fractions varied depending on the species. The flesh of R. pendulina was characterised by the highest level of EA in free form (247.72 μg·g–1 of dry weight). The seeds of R. moyesii proved to be the most abundant in free EA (105.69 μg·g–1 of dry weight).

9

Interspecific hybridization between Cucumis sativus and wild Cucumis species through embryo culture

72%

Skalova D. , Gasmanova N. , Lebeda A. , Navratilova B.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 1

10

Somaclonal variability in callus culture of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum and Lycopersicon chilense

58%

Rzepka-Plevnes D. , Kulpa D. , Palka E. , Wisniewska M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 4

EN

The aim of the study was to induce somaclonal variability in the callus culture of L. hirsutum f. typicum and L. chilense and to characterize them in respect to tolerance to salinity. Callus was initiated on the cotyledon fragments grown on the medium supplemented with NAA and BAP. The tolerance of callus to salt was tested on MS media containing NaCl in concentration 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mM. Callus tolerant to 100 mM NaCl was next regenerated by ten weeks on the media with different doses of growth regulators. After this time genetic differences between selected fragments and control (MS medium containing no growth regulators) were determining using ISSR-PCR method. The results show that NaCl concentration significantly affects the regeneration of callus in L. hirsutum f. typicum and L. chilense. The dose 200 mM NaCl of the medium results, in both species, in callus dying. Comparing the genetic similarity of examined callus samples with the control ones in both species, it may be stated that the differences in their response to NaCl and applied growth regulators were generally in the range 2–30%.

PL

Celem pracy była próba indukowania zmienności somaklonalnej w kulturach kalusowych L. hirsutum f. typicum i L. chilense oraz charakterystyka ich tolerancji na zasolenie. Kalus inicjowano na fragmentach liścieni wyłożonych na pożywkę uzupełnioną NAA i BAP. Tolerancję na zasolenie badano, wykładając fragmenty kalusa na pożywkę uzupełnioną 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mM NaCl. Kalus uznany za tolerancyjny był regenerowany na pożywkach uzupełnionych różnymi kombinacjami roślinnych regulatorów wzrostu. Następnie metodą ISSR-PCR określono różnice genetyczne pomiędzy wybranymi fragmentami kalusa a kontrolą. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że stężenie NaCl w sposób istotny wpływa na regenerację w przypadku obu badanych gatunków. Stężenie 200 mM NaCl powoduje zamieranie tkanki kalusowej. Obserwowana u obu gatunków pomidora na poziomie kalusa tolerancja na zasolenie NaCl jest prawdopodobnie w większości przypadków zmiennością dziedziczną.

11

Genetic and morphological differentiation between Melica ciliata L. and M. transsilvanica Schur (Poaceae) in Europe reveals the non-presence of M. ciliata in the Polish flora

58%

Szczepaniak M. , Cieslak E.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2011

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tom 80

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nr 4

EN

A good knowledge of species delimitation is crucial for the biodiversity protection and the conservation of wild species. We studied the efficiency of AFLP markers and morphological characters to assist species determination for Melica ciliata L. and M. transsilvanica Schur within European range of distribution, including isolated and range-limit populations of "M. ciliata" (i.e. M. cf. ciliata) from the Polish Sudetes, where it is regarded as critically endangered. AFLP markers were found to be more effective then morphological characters (more or less continuous) in distinguishing the both studied species. AMOVA revealed very low genetic diversity within populations and high differentiation among populations of M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica (FST = 0.89 and 0.95, respectively). The species-diagnostic AFLP markers of M. transsilvanica shared with "M. ciliata" from the Sudetes were detected. On the other hand, no species-diagnostic genetic markers of M. ciliata or hybrid-diagnostic markers of M. × thuringiaca were found within "M. ciliata". PCoA and NJ showed an overlapping genetic diversity of "M. ciliata" and M. transsilvanica. Hierarchical AMOVA supported the absence of a significant genotypic distinction between "M. ciliata" and M. transsilvanica. ANOVA showed that the length ratio of lower to upper glumes was the best morphological character to discriminate between M. ciliata and M. transsilvanica. Combined morphological and genetic data show that M. ciliata is not currently present in Poland as its putative Polish populations represent M. transsilvanica. A significant decrease in genetic variability that could influence viability was not observed the in Sudetian populations of M. transsilvanica. However, the population size changes significantly as a result of plant succession. Correction of the northern limit of the continuous distribution of M. ciliata L. in Central Europe is presented.

12

Ochrona dziko wystepujacych roslin i grzybow

58%

Ralowska Z.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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2004

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nr 09

22

13

Mieszaniec owsa uprawianego z dzikim gatunkiem Avena macrostachya jako nowe źródło zmienności do poprawy jakości plonu owsa nagoziarnistego.

58%

Lapinski B. , Nita Z. , Szolkowska A. , Wieczorek P.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2013

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nr 270

14

Size of the upper respiratory tract with reference to the body in scaup Aythya marila

58%

Pierko M.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Biology

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2008

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tom 11

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nr 4

15

Propagation of Flacourtia jangomas: an approach towards the domestication of wild fruit species in Bangladesh

58%

Hossain M. A. , Sen M. , Jewell M. I. U. , Kabir M. A.

Dendrobiology

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2011

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tom 65

EN

The study was carried out to investigate the domestication potential of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch, a wild fruit species in Bangladesh, through nursery raising from seeds and clonal propagation by stem cutting. Air dried seeds were treated with four different pre-sowing treatments i.e., control (T0), seeds soakedin coldwater for 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), or 72 h (T3) to explore the seedgermination ability of the species. Pre-sowing treatments significantly enhancedthe germination period, germination percentage andbiomass production of seedlings. The early germination (least imbibition period), highest germination percentage (81.3) and total dry biomass (0.52 g) was observed in T2 (seeds soaked in cold water for 48 h) while the lowest germination percentage (53.7) andtotal dry biomass (0.23 g) was observedin T3 andT0 respectively. The plant species was highly amenable for rooting for clonal propagation. However, the rooting ability of cuttings was significantly affectedby the application of IBA. The highest rooting percentage (100), maximum root number (5.63), the longest root length (3.28 cm) andbest survival (85.0%) were obtainedfrom the cuttings treatedwith 0.4% IBA solution followed by 0.2% IBA andthe lowest was in cuttings without treatment. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment ‘soaking of seeds in cold water for 48 h for nursery raising and ‘0.4% IBA treatment’ of stem cuttings for clonal propagation may be recommended for mass production of quality planting stocks for the domestication of the species through homestead agroforestry or in fruit orchards.

16

Zmiennosc bialek zapasowych i cech morfologicznych wybranych dzikich gatunkow zyta [Secale sp.]

58%

Markowska A. , Rzepka-Plevnes D.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2005

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nr 236

125-135

17

Use of somatic hybridisation to transfer resistance to late blight and potato virus Y [PVY] into cultivated potato

58%

Thieme R. , Darsow U. , Rakosy-Tican L. , Kang Z. , Gavrilenko T. , Antonova O. , Heimbach U. , Thieme T.

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

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2004

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tom 50

18

The birds of ancient Armenia

58%

Manaseryan N. , Balyan L.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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2002

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tom 45

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nr Spec.issue

19

Transformation of wild Solanum species resistant to late blight by using reporter gene gfp and msh2 genes

58%

Rakosy-Tican L. , Aurori A. , Aurori C. M. , Ispas G. , Famelaer I.

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

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2004

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tom 50

20

Expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in climatic chamber-, screenhouse- and field-grown wild potato species in a detached leaflet assay

58%

Zoteyeva N.

Plant Breeding and Seed Science

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2004

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tom 50