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1 1990

1 Gąsiorowski E.

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Gąsiorowski E.

Ochrona Zabytków

1990

nr 1

3-12

The article discusses the restoration of historical objects as regards the problem of reconstruction of a tow e r and its finial. The problem stems from the conflict between theory and practice in historical object restoration. This conflict exists between the generally maintained principle of preserving a historical art object in its current, authentic shape and the effort towards its supplementation whenever the compactness and integrality of the artistic impression has been distorted. Even though the problem is timeless, the issue became particularly significant during the period of reconstruction after the last war. Tw o questions were considered: which reconstructions are not only tolerated today, but also accepted and considered ap p ro priate and needed, and have our views altered recently. In the iight of these questions a series of architectonic plans were examined, these being from the 19th and 2 0 th cent, from Italy (V en ic e ), Denmark and the northern regions of Germany and Poland. The subject was divided into chapters on the role of the tow e r as an element of the building's structure, its meaning in the interior of a tow n or city, in its outline and landscape. The role of towers is not insignificant, as they occupy an eminent position in the effect of architectonic forms on account of their vertical line and domination over the surroundings. Their loss from the town landscape of which they had been an element is therefore keenly felt by the observer and evokes a desire for recomposition. Aesthetic motivations for reconstruction are accompanied by emotional aspects, often deepened by patriotic feelings, as was the case in Poland after the war. Some of the reconstructions discussed in the article were generally a c cepted, others — such as the reconstruction of the campanile at St M a rk ’s Square in Venice and plans for recreating the church domes in Copenhagen (carried out in the beginning of the 20th cent.) — were heatedly discussed. In one case opponents of reconstruction were victorious (Copenhagen). There was, h ow e ver, a general desire to reconstruct towers and their finials also on the part of the restoration authorities — after the last war (e.g. the churches in Lubeck and the tow n hall in Gdańsk). The reason, apart from the earlier-mentioned motives for recomposition — was the fresh memory of the former appearance of the destroyed objects (whereas the distance of time makes one get used to the altered form) and a greater tendency than before to think in the categories of values of architectonic complexes. The last seems to be also the reason why reconstructions once considered very controversial, are evaluated favourably today.