Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Retrenchment and social housing : the case of Finland

100%

Ruonavaara H.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2017

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tom 4

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nr 2

8-18

EN

About 12 per cent of households in Finland live in social rental housing. The Finnish system of social housing is now facing challenges. Finland has reached a situation where large numbers of social rental dwellings are free from regulation because the state housing loans have been paid off, while new production of such housing is unable to make up for this loss. Potentially this means a decrease in the social rental housing stock. Current housing policy discourse sees social housing more as a failed policy than a necessary welfare measure. Such developments can be related to a larger change in the Finnish housing regime. It has entered a phase of retrenchment, where the government withdraws from its previous commitment to housing provision in order to give more room to market forces. Retrenchment has led to the strengthening of one of the basic features of Finnish housing policy, its selectiveness.

2

Social housing in Germany : an inevitably shrinking sector?

100%

Kofner S.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2017

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tom 4

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nr 1

61-71

EN

The role of the social housing sector as part of the German housing system has changed fundamentally since 1950. Social housing in Germany followed a number of common trends and features to be observed in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a narrow focus on fragile populations and a reduction in the proportion of social housing. The specific reasons for this are discussed as relating to the German background. Against a background of more and more tense housing markets the paper argues for a revitalization of social housing in Germany without repeating the old mistakes.

3

Moving to a new housing pattern? New trends in housing supply and demand in times of changing. The Portuguese case

100%

Costa Pinto T.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2017

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tom 4

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nr 1

131-141

EN

This article aims to explain the effects of the recent economic and financial crisis on housing conditions and the ability of Portuguese families to access housing. It also intends to discuss how the crisis is reconfiguring the housing patterns, in terms of access to housing and changes in public policies, questioning the predominant mode of access to housing based on homeownership. This article also discusses the role of social housing in the Portuguese housing system and the changes and challenges in this sector coming from the economic and financial constraints of families and the state. This article is structured in three parts. The first is an overview of the Portuguese housing system and social housing in particular, highlighting the conditions and reasons that led to a reduced social housing stock and to the predominance of homeownership. The second part discusses the impact of the crisis on families and the state, trying to demonstrate how the constraints on both are translated into (1) worsening housing conditions, (2) a diversification of groups struggling to access housing in the private market and (3) a reduction of affordable housing, pressing the social housing sector. Finally, the third part is a reflection on the changes that the crisis has had in the orientation of housing policies and their instruments, arguing that the patterns of the Portuguese housing system are changing with emphasis on the need to diversify the housing supply to increasingly diverse groups in housing need.

4

Social housing in post-crisis Hungary : a reshaping of the housing regime under ‘unorthodox’ economic and social policy

100%

Hegedüs J.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2017

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tom 4

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nr 1

90-101

EN

Hungary stepped on a very specific path two years into the Global Financial Crisis and the recession in its wake, on which it replaced ‘traditional’ austerity programs with ‘unorthodox’ economic policy. This policy paradigm shift affected the emerging social housing policy in two respects. First, the mainstream approach to social problems related to worsening housing affordability (due to increased loan repayments and other cost items together with decreasing incomes) provided strong support for the middle class. Second, intervention toward low income households remained minimal, and served only to pacify political tensions. This dual approach characterized the policy of the government, and resulting shift in the social structure did not necessarily follow the direction policy makers intended. Programs aimed at the middle class were poorly targeted, and often helped the upper middle class the most, who again did not behave the way policy makers expected (which would have been increased consumption to stimulate economic growth). Programs aimed at low income groups rendered the social structure more rigid, decreased the chance of low income persons to escape from extreme poverty, and cemented the opportunity discrepancies between the rich and the poor. The most recent housing policy measures suggest that the mistakes committed in the 2000s will likely be repeated, and there are not measures in place which could correct their course.

5

The Role of Housing Assets in Shaping the New Welfare Regime in Transition Countries: The Case of Hungary

100%

Hegedüs J. , Szemző H.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2015

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tom 2

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nr 1

82-90

EN

This paper looks at housing strategy in a wider social and economic context and argues that a household’s (class) position in society depends on important life decisions, one of the most important of which is a person’s employment strategy and preparation for the period of retirement (pensions), which is related to housing decisions. The main context of these decisions is the welfare regime, but also a country’s economic structure (varieties of capitalism) and housing system (tax and subsidy elements of programmes). However, as the paper argues, these systems are also changing in relation to the macro effect of individual decisions.

6

Understanding homeownership rates: the impact of co-residence patterns

100%

Marcinkiewicz E.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2024

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tom 11

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nr 1

46-55

EN

The socio-demographic context, which includes the co-residence patterns associated with the decisions of young adults on whether to live in the parental household or enter homeownership or renting, is directly reflected in homeownership rates at the aggregate level as a consequence of these decisions. However, the way in which tenure statistics are reported also matters in this respect. This applies specifically to household-level statistics, which are most often used to characterise housing systems. It is therefore possible to ask whether countries with high homeownership rates and, simultaneously, high shares of adult children living with their parents are truly high-homeownership societies. This study identifies the countries for which the reported tenure statistics are more influenced by demographic conditions as compared to other countries. These are the Mediterranean countries and the Central and Eastern European countries (with some exceptions).

7

Housing quantum and Innovative Building Systems in South Africa - the affordability perspective for 2020

88%

Kabundu E. , Mbanga S. , Botha B. , Crafford G.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2022

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tom 9

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nr 2

18-29

EN

The adoption of innovative building technologies (IBTs) and social welfare policies in South Africa has facilitated an increase in decent homeownership among low-income groups, thus improving their quality of life. However, due to the escalating costs of building materials, the capital and lifecycle costs of implementing these technologies may no longer be affordable. This research aims to provide a comparative evaluation of the affordability of some readily available IBTs in the South African construction industry, relative to existing homeownership subsidy grants. The method used involved the use of secondary data for these IBTs and the income constraint methods. The results showed that, apart from the technologies suitable for the provision of temporary structures, most of the other technologies were not affordable for the complete subsidisation of the top structure when both capital and lifecycle costs were used, except the Moladi and Robust structure IBTs under some low-income homeownership programmes. Further analysis using credit-linked subsidies revealed that the minimum household income required to achieve affordable homeownership (and their rankings) depends both on the evaluation technique (lifecycle or capital costs) and technology used. To improve affordability, any implementing government can either raise the amount of the top structure subsidy grant, promote the use of cheaper but durable IBTs, or promote the use in incremental building methods, such as the Enhanced People’s Housing Process (EPHP) for the case of South Africa.

8

‘The social managers are back in town’: the challenges of housing management in a residualised public housing sector

88%

Costarelli I.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2022

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tom 9

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nr 2

43-51

EN

The residualisation of social housing sectors requires housing managers to intensify social management activities aimed at promoting tenants’ wellbeing and social cohesion. This paper discusses the implementation of such activities in the Italian public housing sector. It juxtaposes the vision conceptualised at the policy level with the daily activities of housing managers in practice on the ground and highlights the gaps between policy goals and realities of tenants’ involvement. While social management activities are expected to contribute to breaking the vicious circle of financial, technical, and social decline that has long affected public housing estates, the short timeframe of the planned interventions raises the question of the potential for structural change.

9

A Pact with the Third Sector. Between Co-Production and Civic Participation. The Italian Case

88%

Bassi A.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2023

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nr Specjalny

69-83

EN

The co-creation/co-production paradigm received significant attention in the last decades from Public Administration managers, officials, and scholars as a viable tool to overcome the limits of the New Public Management framework. Some scholars recognise that co-creation can be the basis for building an alternative administration model called New Public Governance. Other research found that co-creation is an innovative practice in the social investment policy frame. A more recent EU research project examines the idea and practice of co-creation in public services informed by lived experience pilots in 10 European countries. This paper presents the Italian case as an example of an institutional configuration open to the citizens’ participation in the co-design of public services. The paper is organised as follows. In the first paragraph, we illustrate the recent development of the legislation concerning the participation of citizens and civil society organisations in designing and delivering public services and/or management of common goods. The second paragraph deals with a deep analysis of “grey material” and scientific publications concerning the history, evolution and future perspectives of the “Shared Administration” procedures. The third paragraph presents a case study of collaboration between citizens, Third Sector/Civil Society Organisations (TSO/CSO) and public administration at the local level (Municipality of Bologna). The conclusive paragraph summarises the key findings of our study.

10

Indian Government’s Policies for the Welfare of War Widows and Dependents of Martyred Soldiers (1947–2000)

63%

Hatwal M.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2015

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tom 7

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nr 1

42-55

EN

Indian army, which was founded in 1903, is one of the largest armies in the world, and rapidly increased after World War I and II. This study describes the welfare policies of British and Indian Government for the martyred soldiers of Indian Army during the pre and post-independence periods, respectively, with particular focus on the war widows. The study is based on a detail historical analysis of policies and schemes adopted by the governments for the welfare of the dependents and war widows of martyred soldiers. It was found that economical discourses continue to war widows and dependents of the martyred soldiers, however, the facilities have been increased after independence. This study provides a historical context for recent developments in welfare policies of Indian government to the Indian Army.

CS

Indická armáda — založená roku 1903 a výrazně rozšířená po první i druhé světové válce — je jedna z největších armád na světě. Tato studie analyzuje sociální politiku britské a indické vlády ohledně padlých vojáků indické armády v období před a po získání indické nezávislosti, se zvláštním zřetelem na válečné vdovy. Studii tvoří podrobná analýza politiky a přístupů přijatých vládou v oblasti sociálního zabezpečení válečných vdov a pozůstalých po padlých vojácích. Autorka dochází k závěru, že přestože ekonomické debaty o pomoci válečným vdovám a pozůstalým existovaly již v minulosti, teprve po získání nezávislosti byly možnosti v oblasti sociálního zabezpečení zásadně navýšeny. Studie přináší historický kontext pro nedávný vývoj v oblasti sociální politiky indické vlády vůči indické armádě.